{"id":1898,"date":"2013-10-18T10:16:43","date_gmt":"2013-10-18T10:16:43","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/fanzung.com\/?p=1898"},"modified":"2014-01-09T07:29:59","modified_gmt":"2014-01-09T07:29:59","slug":"m%e1%bb%99t-s%e1%bb%91-hinh-th%e1%bb%a9c-ph%e1%bb%a7-d%e1%bb%8bnh-c%e1%bb%a7a-ph%c6%b0%c6%a1ng-ng%e1%bb%af-hu%e1%ba%bf","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/dongson.info\/?p=1898","title":{"rendered":"M\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 h\u00ecnh th\u1ee9c ph\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u1ee7a ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ng\u1eef Hu\u1ebf"},"content":{"rendered":"

M\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 h\u00ecnh th\u1ee9c ph\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u1ee7a ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ng\u1eef Hu\u1ebf<\/h3>\n

C\u1eadp nh\u1eadt \u00a015:01 17\/10\/13<\/p>\n

1.<\/strong>\u00a0Theo c\u00e1ch hi\u1ec3u chung nh\u1ea5t, th\u00ec ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ng\u1eef l\u00e0 bi\u1ebfn th\u1ec3 theo \u0111\u1ecba ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ho\u1eb7c theo t\u1ea7ng l\u1edbp x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef. C\u00f3 nh\u1eefng bi\u1ebfn th\u1ec3 thu\u1ed9c ng\u1eef \u00e2m, t\u1eeb v\u1ef1ng v\u00e0 c\u0169ng c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng bi\u1ebfn th\u1ec3 thu\u1ed9c ng\u1eef ph\u00e1p, phong c\u00e1ch. Hi\u1ec7n nay, \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 c\u00f4ng tr\u00ecnh li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn n\u1ed9i dung \u0111\u1ea7u (nhi\u1ec1u nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 t\u1eeb \u0111i\u1ec3n ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ng\u1eef), c\u00f2n n\u1ed9i dung sau th\u00ec kh\u00e1 hi\u1ebfm hoi.<\/p>\n

\"\"
\nNh\u00e0 nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u Tri\u1ec1u Nguy\u00ean.<\/span><\/p>\n

Trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh t\u00ecm hi\u1ec3u ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ng\u1eef Hu\u1ebf, ng\u01b0\u1eddi vi\u1ebft nh\u1eadn th\u1ea5y ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ng\u1eef n\u00e0y c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 h\u00ecnh th\u1ee9c ph\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ecbnh (thu\u1ed9c l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c ng\u1eef ph\u00e1p, phong c\u00e1ch) kh\u00f4ng nh\u01b0 ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef ph\u1ed5 th\u00f4ng. B\u00e0i vi\u1ebft ng\u1eafn n\u00e0y nh\u1eb1m b\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u1ea7u mi\u00eau t\u1ea3 c\u00e1c h\u00ecnh th\u1ee9c ph\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ecbnh \u1ea5y, c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 xem nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t b\u1ed5 sung cho t\u00ecnh h\u00ecnh v\u1eeba n\u00f3i.<\/p>\n

2.<\/strong>\u00a0D\u1ef1a v\u00e0o c\u00e1c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ti\u1ec7n ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef d\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ec3 ph\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ecbnh, t\u1ea1m chia v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 l\u00e0m hai ph\u1ea7n: ph\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ecbnh b\u1eb1ng h\u00ecnh th\u1ee9c l\u00e1y v\u00e0 ph\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ecbnh b\u1eb1ng h\u00ecnh th\u1ee9c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng c\u00e1c m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh d\u00e0nh ri\u00eang. Ri\u00eang ph\u1ea7n hai, g\u1ed3m: d\u1ea1ng ph\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ecbnh A trong hai m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh A th\u00ec\/l\u00e0 B v\u00e0 A b\u1eb1ng\/nh\u01b0 B theo c\u00e1ch cho B c\u00f3 \u0111\u1eb7c \u0111i\u1ec3m m\u00e2u thu\u1eabn v\u1edbi A; v\u00e0 d\u1ea1ng ph\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ecbnh \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t v\u1edbi m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh Lo + A (A: m\u1ed9t s\u1ef1 v\u1eadt, s\u1ef1 vi\u1ec7c hi\u1ec3n nhi\u00ean).<\/p>\n

2.1.<\/strong>\u00a0Ph\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ecbnh b\u1eb1ng h\u00ecnh th\u1ee9c l\u00e1y<\/p>\n

2.1.1.<\/strong>\u00a0H\u00ecnh th\u1ee9c l\u00e1y \u0111\u1ec3 ph\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ecbnh r\u1ea5t \u0111\u00e1ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u00fa \u00fd. C\u00f3 hai d\u1ea1ng l\u00e1y \u0111\u1ec3 ph\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ecbnh th\u01b0\u1eddng g\u1eb7p, \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 d\u1ea1ng l\u00e1y \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1ea1o n\u00ean m\u1ed9t t\u1ed5 h\u1ee3p g\u1ed3m hai \u00e2m ti\u1ebft, trong \u0111\u00f3 \u00e2m ti\u1ebft th\u1ee9 hai l\u1eb7p l\u1ea1i b\u1ed9 ph\u1eadn v\u1ea7n v\u00e0 thanh \u0111i\u1ec7u c\u1ee7a \u00e2m ti\u1ebft th\u1ee9 nh\u1ea5t, \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi, thay ph\u1ee5 \u00e2m \u0111\u1ea7u b\u1eb1ng [l-]. Th\u00ed d\u1ee5: \u201cb\u01b0\u1edfi\u201d (qu\u1ea3 b\u01b0\u1edfi) l\u00e1y th\u00e0nh \u201cb\u01b0\u1edfi l\u01b0\u1edfi\u201d, \u201cng\u1ed3i\u201d l\u00e1y th\u00e0nh \u201cng\u1ed3i l\u1ed3i\u201d, \u201cgi\u1ecfi\u201d l\u00e1y th\u00e0nh \u201cgi\u1ecfi l\u1ecfi\u201d,\u2026<\/p>\n

Tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p \u00e2m ti\u1ebft th\u1ee9 nh\u1ea5t kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 ph\u1ee5 \u00e2m \u0111\u1ea7u th\u00ec v\u1eabn th\u00eam [l-] v\u00e0o, nh\u01b0 \u201c\u1ed5i\u201d l\u00e1y th\u00e0nh \u201c\u1ed5i l\u1ed5i\u201d, \u201c\u0103n\u201d l\u00e1y th\u00e0nh \u201c\u0103n l\u0103n\u201d, \u201c\u0111i\u201d l\u00e1y th\u00e0nh \u201c\u0111i li\u201d,\u2026 Nh\u01b0ng n\u1ebfu ph\u1ee5 \u00e2m \u0111\u1ea7u c\u1ee7a \u00e2m ti\u1ebft \u1ea5y l\u00e0 [l-] th\u00ec kh\u00f4ng l\u00e1y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c, n\u1ebfu c\u1ee9 l\u00e1y (theo h\u01b0\u1edbng \u0111ang b\u00e0n, l\u00e0 l\u00e1y nguy\u00ean d\u1ea1ng) th\u00ec ch\u1eb3ng nh\u1eefng kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n h\u00e0m ngh\u0129a ph\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ecbnh m\u00e0 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 tr\u1edf n\u00ean v\u00f4 ngh\u0129a, nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 v\u1edbi tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p c\u00e1c danh t\u1eeb. Ch\u1eb3ng h\u1ea1n, c\u00e1c t\u1eeb \u201cl\u1ee3n\u201d, \u201cl\u1ed1c\u201d, \u201cl\u1ec1u\u201d,\u2026 khi l\u00e1y th\u00e0nh \u201cl\u1ee3n l\u1ee3n\u201d, \u201cl\u1ed1c l\u1ed1c\u201d, \u201cl\u1ec1u l\u1ec1u\u201d th\u00ec ho\u1eb7c v\u00f4 ngh\u0129a, ho\u1eb7c c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 cho l\u00e0 c\u00e1c t\u1eeb bi\u1ec3u th\u1ecb s\u1ed1 nhi\u1ec1u (trong m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 ng\u1eef c\u1ea3nh nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ecbnh), c\u00f2n ngh\u0129a ph\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ecbnh th\u00ec r\u1ea5t m\u1edd nh\u1ea1t, \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 n\u00f3i l\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3.<\/p>\n

D\u1ea1ng l\u00e1y \u0111\u1ec3 ph\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ecbnh ti\u1ebfp theo l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t t\u1ed5 h\u1ee3p g\u1ed3m n\u0103m \u00e2m ti\u1ebft, trong \u0111\u00f3 \u00e2m ti\u1ebft th\u1ee9 ba nh\u01b0 \u00e2m ti\u1ebft th\u1ee9 hai c\u1ee7a tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p l\u00e1y \u0111\u1ec3 ph\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ecbnh v\u1eeba tr\u00ecnh b\u00e0y, hai \u00e2m ti\u1ebft b\u1ed1n v\u00e0 n\u0103m ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n gi\u1ed1ng nhau, ch\u1ec9 thay ph\u1ee5 \u00e2m \u0111\u1ea7u [l-] b\u1eb1ng [s-] (ch\u1eef vi\u1ebft: x-), ri\u00eang \u00e2m ti\u1ebft th\u1ee9 hai lu\u00f4n c\u1ed1 \u0111\u1ecbnh l\u00e0 \u201cb\u1edd\u201d. Th\u00ed d\u1ee5 (\u0111\u1ec3 ti\u1ec7n n\u1eafm b\u1eaft, \u1edf \u0111\u00e2y d\u00f9ng l\u1ea1i y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 g\u1ed1c hay \u00e2m ti\u1ebft th\u1ee9 nh\u1ea5t trong th\u00ed d\u1ee5 tr\u01b0\u1edbc): \u201cb\u01b0\u1edfi\u201d l\u00e1y th\u00e0nh \u201cb\u01b0\u1edfi: b\u1edd l\u01b0\u1edfi x\u01b0\u1edfi x\u01b0\u1edfi\u201d, \u201cng\u1ed3i\u201d l\u00e1y th\u00e0nh \u201cng\u1ed3i: b\u1edd l\u1ed3i x\u1ed3i x\u1ed3i\u201d, \u201cgi\u1ecfi\u201d l\u00e1y th\u00e0nh \u201cgi\u1ecfi: b\u1edd l\u1ecfi x\u1ecfi x\u1ecfi\u201d\u2026<\/p>\n

T\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1 v\u1edbi d\u1ea1ng l\u00e1y tr\u00ean, n\u1ebfu \u00e2m ti\u1ebft th\u1ee9 nh\u1ea5t kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 ph\u1ee5 \u00e2m \u0111\u1ea7u th\u00ec v\u1eabn th\u00eam [l-] v\u00e0o, nh\u01b0 \u201c\u1ed5i\u201d l\u00e1y th\u00e0nh \u201c\u1ed5i: b\u1edd l\u1ed5i x\u1ed5i x\u1ed5i\u201d, \u201c\u0103n\u201d l\u00e1y th\u00e0nh \u201c\u0103n: b\u1edd l\u0103n x\u0103n x\u0103n\u201d, \u201c\u0111i\u201d l\u00e1y th\u00e0nh \u201c\u0111i: b\u1edd li xi xi\u201d,\u2026 Ri\u00eang v\u1edbi tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p \u00e2m ti\u1ebft th\u1ee9 nh\u1ea5t c\u00f3 ph\u1ee5 \u00e2m \u0111\u1ea7u [l-], th\u00ec d\u1ea1ng l\u00e1y n\u00e0y v\u1eabn th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c, theo c\u00e1ch \u00e2m ti\u1ebft th\u1ee9 ba l\u1eb7p l\u1ea1i \u00e2m ti\u1ebft \u0111\u1ea7u. Ch\u1eb3ng h\u1ea1n, c\u00e1c t\u1eeb \u201cl\u1ee3n\u201d, \u201cl\u1ed1c\u201d, \u201cl\u1ec1u\u201d,\u2026 khi l\u00e1y, th\u00e0nh \u201cl\u1ee3n: b\u1edd l\u1ee3n x\u1ee3n x\u1ee3n\u201d, \u201cl\u1ed1c: b\u1edd l\u1ed1c x\u1ed1c x\u1ed1c\u201d, \u201cl\u1ec1u: b\u1edd l\u1ec1u x\u1ec1u x\u1ec1u\u201d\u2026<\/p>\n

C\u00f3 th\u1ec3 th\u1ea5y, hai d\u1ea1ng l\u00e1y v\u1eeba n\u00eau thu\u1ed9c lo\u1ea1i l\u00e1y b\u1ed9 ph\u1eadn: kh\u00e1c nhau \u1edf \u00e2m \u0111\u1ea7u, v\u1ea7n v\u00e0 thanh \u0111i\u1ec7u gi\u1ed1ng nhau. N\u1ed5i b\u1eadt, l\u00e0 vai tr\u00f2 c\u1ee7a ph\u1ee5 \u00e2m \u0111\u1ea7u [l-]. S\u1ef1 xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 \u1edf hai d\u1ea1ng l\u00e1y ph\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ecbnh n\u00e0y kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i ng\u1eabu nhi\u00ean, m\u00e0 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t s\u1ef1 k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p theo quy lu\u1eadt: hai ph\u1ee5 \u00e2m \u0111\u1ea7u trong m\u1ed7i t\u1ed5 h\u1ee3p ph\u1ea3i kh\u00e1c nhau v\u1ec1 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u1ee9c v\u00e0 v\u1ecb tr\u00ed c\u1ea5u \u00e2m, m\u00e0 [l-] l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ph\u1ee5 \u00e2m b\u00ean, \u0111\u1ed1i l\u1eadp v\u1edbi t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c ph\u1ee5 \u00e2m c\u00f2n l\u1ea1i, n\u00ean th\u1ecfa m\u00e3n y\u00eau c\u1ea7u n\u00e0y. Ch\u00fang ta \u0111\u00e3 bi\u1ebft, trong tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p l\u00e1y b\u1ed9 ph\u1eadn c\u00f3 \u00e2m \u0111\u1ea7u kh\u00e1c nhau, th\u00ec c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ebfn kho\u1ea3ng m\u1ed9t n\u1eeda b\u1eaft g\u1eb7p s\u1ef1 xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n c\u1ee7a ph\u1ee5 \u00e2m \u0111\u1ea7u [l-] \u1edf \u00e2m ti\u1ebft l\u00e1y l\u1ea1i (\u00e2m ti\u1ebft n\u00e0y \u0111\u1ee9ng tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u00e2m ti\u1ebft l\u00e1y); th\u00ed d\u1ee5: l\u1ea7u b\u1ea7u, lu\u1ea9n qu\u1ea9n, l\u00e1c \u0111\u00e1c, loay hoay, l\u1ecfng ch\u1ecfng, lom khom, l\u1ec5 m\u1ec5, l\u00e8m nh\u00e8m, l\u1edb ng\u1edb, l\u1ea5t ph\u1ea5t, l\u1ea7m r\u1ea7m, l\u00e8o t\u00e8o, l\u01b0a th\u01b0a, l\u1ea3ng v\u1ea3ng, l\u0103ng x\u0103ng,\u2026(1).<\/p>\n

C\u0169ng c\u1ea7n n\u00f3i th\u00eam v\u1ec1 h\u1ec7 qu\u1ea3 c\u1ee7a hai d\u1ea1ng l\u00e1y n\u00e0y, l\u00e0 khi \u00e2m ti\u1ebft \u0111\u1ea7u (t\u1ee9c \u00e2m ti\u1ebft d\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ec3 l\u00e1y) c\u00f3 ph\u1ea7n v\u1ea7n v\u00e0 thanh \u0111i\u1ec7u gi\u1ed1ng nhau, th\u00ec \u0111\u1ec1u c\u00f3 c\u00f9ng m\u1ed9t (ho\u1eb7c m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1) \u00e2m ti\u1ebft l\u00e1y gi\u1ed1ng nhau. Th\u00ed d\u1ee5, v\u1edbi c\u00e1c \u00e2m ti\u1ebft (\u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi l\u00e0 t\u1eeb \u0111\u01a1n) \u201cb\u1eadn\u201d, \u201cch\u1eadn\u201d, \u201ch\u1eadn\u201d, \u201cm\u1eadn\u201d, \u201cr\u1eadn\u201d,\u2026 th\u00ec \u1edf d\u1ea1ng l\u00e1y \u0111\u1ea7u, \u0111\u1ec1u c\u00f3 \u00e2m ti\u1ebft l\u00e1y l\u00e0 \u201cl\u1eadn\u201d (\u201cb\u1eadn l\u1eadn\u201d, \u201ch\u1eadn l\u1eadn\u201d,\u2026), v\u00e0 \u1edf d\u1ea1ng l\u00e1y sau, \u0111\u1ec1u c\u00f3 c\u00e1c \u00e2m ti\u1ebft l\u00e1y l\u00e0 \u201cb\u1edd l\u1eadn x\u1eadn x\u1eadn\u201d (\u201cch\u1eadn: b\u1edd l\u1eadn x\u1eadn x\u1eadn\u201d, \u201cm\u1eadn: b\u1edd l\u1eadn x\u1eadn x\u1eadn\u201d,\u2026).<\/p>\n

Hai d\u1ea1ng l\u00e1y \u0111\u1ec3 ph\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ecbnh \u0111ang b\u00e0n \u00edt s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng trong tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u h\u01a1n m\u1ed9t \u00e2m ti\u1ebft d\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ec3 l\u00e1y. Tr\u00ean th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf, ng\u01b0\u1eddi vi\u1ebft ch\u01b0a nghe c\u00f3 ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u00e1y c\u00e1c t\u1eeb (hay t\u1ed5 h\u1ee3p) nh\u01b0 \u201cxe m\u00e1y\u201d, \u201c\u0103n u\u1ed1ng\u201d, \u201cgi\u00e0u sang\u201d, \u201ch\u1ee3p t\u00e1c x\u00e3\u201d. C\u00f3 th\u1ec3 b\u1ea5y gi\u1edd ph\u1ea3i t\u00e1ch ra t\u1eebng \u00e2m ti\u1ebft (hay t\u1eeb t\u1ed1) \u0111\u1ec3 l\u00e1y, nh\u01b0 \u201cxe le m\u00e1y l\u00e1y\u201d, \u201c\u0103n: b\u1edd l\u0103n x\u0103n x\u0103n, u\u1ed1ng: b\u1edd lu\u1ed1ng xu\u1ed1ng xu\u1ed1ng\u201d, nh\u01b0ng nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf nghe ra c\u00f3 v\u1ebb \u201cl\u1eb7p c\u1eb7p\u201d do l\u1ea1m d\u1ee5ng ph\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u1ee9c l\u00e1y, c\u00e1i th\u00fa v\u1ecb c\u1ee7a l\u00e1y c\u0169ng s\u1ebd gi\u1ea3m \u0111i.<\/p>\n

V\u1ec1 ngh\u0129a, \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 h\u00ecnh th\u1ee9c l\u00e1y m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh, c\u00f3 y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 ngh\u0129a chung l\u00e0 nh\u1ea5n m\u1ea1nh \u0111\u1ec3 ph\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ecbnh m\u1ed9t s\u1ef1 v\u1eadt, hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng hay m\u1ed9t t\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t, tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i, ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng,\u2026 Hi\u1ec3n nhi\u00ean, nh\u1eefng t\u1ed5 h\u1ee3p \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ea1o ra t\u1eeb hai d\u1ea1ng l\u00e1y v\u1eeba tr\u00ecnh b\u00e0y ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng \u0111\u01a1n v\u1ecb l\u00e2m th\u1eddi trong l\u1eddi n\u00f3i, kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 \u0111\u01a1n v\u1ecb c\u00f3 s\u1eb5n trong ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef. N\u00f3i kh\u00e1c \u0111i, \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng c\u1ee5m t\u1eeb t\u1ef1 do(2). Ch\u00fang \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng trong ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ng\u1eef Hu\u1ebf, t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1 hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng i\u1ebfc ho\u00e1 \u1edf ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ng\u1eef B\u1eafc(3), \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t l\u00e0 d\u1ea1ng \u0111\u1ea7u.<\/p>\n

D\u01b0\u1edbi \u0111\u00e2y, l\u00e0 hai m\u1ea9u truy\u1ec7n c\u01b0\u1eddi, c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 coi l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 minh h\u1ecda cho vi\u1ec7c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng hai d\u1ea1ng l\u00e1y v\u1eeba tr\u00ecnh b\u00e0y trong d\u00e2n gian v\u00f9ng Hu\u1ebf:<\/p>\n

1. M\u00daI L\u00daI X\u01a0 L\u01a0<\/em><\/p>\n

Ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00e0n b\u00e0 n\u1ecd, m\u1ed7i l\u1ea7n \u0111i ch\u1ee3 phi\u00ean v\u1ec1, \u0111\u1ebfn b\u1eefa c\u01a1m th\u01b0\u1eddng b\u1ecf \u0111\u0169a n\u1eeda ch\u1eebng r\u00ean \u0111au nh\u1ee9c trong ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00f4ng \u0103n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c. Vi\u1ec7c l\u1eb7p l\u1ea1i m\u00e3i khi\u1ebfn anh ch\u1ed3ng \u0111\u00e2m nghi ng\u1edd.<\/p>\n

\"\"
\n(\u1ea2nh: Cinet)<\/span><\/p>\n

M\u1ed9t h\u00f4m, \u0111\u1ebfn phi\u00ean ch\u1ee3, ng\u01b0\u1eddi ch\u1ed3ng l\u00e0m nh\u01b0 t\u00ecnh c\u1edd gh\u00e9 qua, v\u00e0 th\u1ea5y ngay v\u1ee3 \u0111ang c\u1eafm c\u00fai ng\u1ed3i \u0103n \u1edf b\u00e0 h\u00e0ng m\u00edt. Trong l\u00fac ch\u1ecb \u0111ang m\u1ea3i m\u00ea nhai, th\u00ec c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0103n xin \u0111\u1ebfn ng\u1ea3 tay, n\u00f3i:<\/p>\n

– Cho xin m\u00fai!<\/p>\n

Ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00e0n b\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng ng\u1ea9ng m\u1eb7t l\u00ean, \u0111\u00e1p c\u1ed9c l\u1ed1c:<\/p>\n

– M\u00fai l\u00fai!<\/p>\n

Ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0103n xin n\u0103n n\u1ec9:<\/p>\n

– Cho xin x\u01a1!<\/p>\n

– X\u01a1 l\u01a1!<\/p>\n

K\u1ebf \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t lo\u1ea1t c\u00e2u tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi, g\u1ea1t b\u1ecf y\u00eau c\u1ea7u c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0103n xin m\u00e0 ch\u1ecb ta vung ra: \u0111\u1ef1ng l\u1ef1ng, c\u1ed3i l\u1ed3i, h\u1ed9t l\u1ed9t!…<\/p>\n

Th\u1ea5y c\u1ea3nh n\u00e0y, anh ch\u1ed3ng l\u1eb7ng l\u1ebd b\u1ecf v\u1ec1.<\/p>\n

B\u1eefa c\u01a1m h\u00f4m \u0111\u00f3, ch\u1ecb v\u1ee3 c\u0169ng \u0103n l\u01b0ng b\u00e1t r\u1ed3i r\u00ean m\u1ec7t ng\u01b0\u1eddi, l\u00ean gi\u01b0\u1eddng n\u1eb1m. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi ch\u1ed3ng t\u1ecf ra quan t\u00e2m \u0111\u1ebfn s\u1ee9c kh\u1ecfe v\u1ee3, n\u00f3i:<\/p>\n

– H\u00e3y l\u00e0m m\u1ed9t con g\u00e0, \u0111\u0129a x\u00f4i c\u00fang tr\u1eddi \u0111\u1ea5t, \u0111\u1ec3 nh\u1edd ph\u00f9 h\u1ed9 cho!<\/p>\n

Ng\u01b0\u1eddi v\u1ee3 kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 l\u00e0m kh\u00e1c l\u1eddi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c. Khi l\u1ec5 v\u1eadt b\u00e0y xong tr\u01b0\u1edbc nh\u00e0, anh ch\u1ed3ng \u0111\u1ed1t h\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u00e8n, ch\u1eafp tay tr\u1ecbnh tr\u1ecdng m\u00e0 x\u01b0\u1edbng l\u00ean r\u1eb1ng:<\/p>\n

– M\u00fai l\u00fai, x\u01a1 l\u01a1, \u0111\u1ef1ng l\u1ef1ng, c\u1ed3i l\u1ed3i, h\u1ed9t l\u1ed9t, v\u1ecf l\u1ecf\u2026
\nB\u1ec7nh t\u00ecnh n\u00e0y ch\u1eb3ng kh\u00f3 kh\u0103n chi,
\nH\u00e3y t\u1ed1ng nhanh b\u1ecdn qu\u1ef7 kia \u0111i!
\nX\u00f4ng ph\u00e0(4) \u0111\u00e2y!… X\u00f4ng ph\u00e0 n\u00ec!…<\/p>\n

Ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00e0n b\u00e0 bi\u1ebft ch\u1ed3ng \u0111\u00e3 r\u00f5 chuy\u1ec7n, mu\u1ed1n l\u1ee1m m\u00ecnh, nh\u01b0ng kh\u00f4ng d\u00e1m th\u1ed1t l\u00ean m\u1ed9t l\u1eddi. V\u00e0 t\u1eeb \u0111\u00f3, ch\u1ecb ta th\u00f4i kh\u00f4ng r\u00ean \u0111au \u1ed1m sau khi \u0111i ch\u1ee3 phi\u00ean v\u1ec1 n\u1eefa.<\/p>\n

2. M\u1ec6 \u1ed2N L\u1eaeM!<\/em><\/p>\n

M\u1ed9t b\u00e0 l\u00e3o b\u00e1n c\u00e1 \u1edf m\u1ed9t khu ch\u1ee3 x\u00e9p. Bu\u1ed5i ch\u1ee3 h\u00f4m \u1ea5y, c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t ch\u1ecb n\u00f4ng d\u00e2n mang c\u00e1 m\u00e0 gia \u0111\u00ecnh t\u00e1t b\u1eaft \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1eeb th\u1eeda ru\u1ed9ng s\u00e2u c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ebfn b\u00e1n, ng\u1ed3i cho\u00e1n ph\u00eda tr\u01b0\u1edbc b\u00e0 ta. B\u00e0 l\u00e3o b\u1ef1c c\u00e1i ch\u1ecb kh\u00f4ng bi\u1ebft \u0111i\u1ec1u kia, nh\u01b0ng kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 \u0111u\u1ed5i \u0111i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c, m\u1edbi ch\u1eedi \u0111\u1ed5ng l\u00ean r\u1eb1ng:<\/p>\n

– T\u1ed5 cha m\u1ec7 n\u1ed9i cha m\u1ea5y \u0111\u1ee9a l\u00e0m v\u1ec7 sinh s\u00e1ng ni kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ecbu qu\u00e9t d\u1ecdn. T\u1ed5 cha m\u1ec7 n\u1ed9i cha\u2026<\/p>\n

Ch\u1ecb kia bi\u1ebft b\u00e0 ta ch\u1eedi kh\u00e9o m\u00ecnh, g\u1eaft g\u1ecfng:<\/p>\n

– M\u1ec7 n\u00f3i nhi\u1ec1u qu\u00e1!<\/p>\n

– Nhi\u1ec1u b\u1edd li\u1ec1u xi\u1ec1u xi\u1ec1u!<\/p>\n

– M\u1ec7 n\u00f3i \u00edt th\u00f4i!<\/p>\n

– \u00cdt b\u1edd l\u00edt x\u00edt x\u00edt!<\/p>\n

– M\u1ec7 im \u0111i!<\/p>\n

– Im b\u1edd lim x\u00ecm xim!<\/p>\n

– M\u1ec7 \u1ed3n l\u1eafm!<\/p>\n

– \u1ed2n b\u1edd l\u00ecm x\u00ecm x\u00ecm!\u201d (5).<\/p>\n

2.1.2.<\/strong>\u00a0Ngo\u00e0i hai d\u1ea1ng l\u00e1y v\u1eeba n\u00eau, c\u00f2n c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t v\u00e0i tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p l\u00e1y v\u1edbi d\u1ee5ng \u00fd ph\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ecbnh kh\u00e1c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00ecm th\u1ea5y trong \u0111\u1ed3ng dao. C\u00e1c h\u00ecnh th\u1ee9c l\u00e1y n\u00e0y g\u1ea7n v\u1edbi l\u1ed1i gi\u1ec5u, nh\u1ea1i. D\u01b0\u1edbi \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 ba v\u0103n b\u1ea3n li\u00ean quan:<\/p>\n

– H\u1ecdc tr\u00f2, h\u1ecdc tr\u1ecf, h\u1ecdc tro,
\nCh\u01b0a xong ba ch\u1eef \u0111\u00e3 lo v\u00e9t n\u1ed3i.<\/p>\n

– H\u1ecdc tr\u00f2, h\u1ecdc tr\u1eb9t,
\n\u0110\u00e1nh b\u1eb9t ra mo,
\nCh\u00f3 ch\u1eb3ng d\u1ecdn cho,
\nH\u1ecdc tr\u00f2 d\u1ecdn l\u1ea5y!<\/em><\/p>\n

– Th\u1ea7y s\u00e3i th\u1ea7y sai,
\nNi\u00eau hai c\u01a1m n\u1ebfp,
\nTh\u1ea7y c\u1ea3 \u0111\u00e1nh h\u1ebft,
\n\u0110\u1ea1o tr\u00e0ng ng\u1ed3i kh\u00f4ng;
\nT\u00edn ch\u1ee7 ng\u1ed3i \u0111\u1ed3ng,
\nXin th\u1ea7y mi\u1ebfng ch\u00e1y!<\/em><\/p>\n

So v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng ng\u1eef li\u1ec7u \u0111\u00e3 d\u1eabn tr\u01b0\u1edbc, th\u00ec t\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t l\u00e0 c\u1ee5m t\u1eeb t\u1ef1 do c\u1ee7a \u201ch\u1ecdc tr\u00f2, h\u1ecdc tr\u1ecf, h\u1ecdc tro\u201d, \u201ch\u1ecdc tr\u00f2, h\u1ecdc tr\u1eb9t\u201d, \u201cth\u1ea7y s\u00e3i th\u1ea7y sai\u201d \u00edt r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng h\u01a1n; t\u1ee9c ch\u00fang g\u1ea7n v\u1edbi ph\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u1ee9c l\u00e1y h\u01a1n (trong l\u00fac \u1ea5n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng v\u1ec1 l\u00e1y th\u00ec kh\u00f4ng m\u1ea1nh b\u1eb1ng).<\/p>\n

\"\"<\/strong>
\n(\u1ea2nh: VOV)<\/span><\/p>\n

2.2.<\/strong>\u00a0Ph\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ecbnh b\u1eb1ng h\u00ecnh th\u1ee9c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng c\u00e1c m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh d\u00e0nh ri\u00eang<\/p>\n

2.2.1.<\/strong>\u00a0D\u1ea1ng ph\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ecbnh A trong hai m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh A th\u00ec\/l\u00e0 B v\u00e0 A b\u1eb1ng\/nh\u01b0 B theo c\u00e1ch cho B c\u00f3 \u0111\u1eb7c \u0111i\u1ec3m m\u00e2u thu\u1eabn v\u1edbi A<\/p>\n

Th\u01b0\u1eddng g\u1eb7p A l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m tr\u1eebu t\u01b0\u1ee3ng, B l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t h\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3; v\u00e0 c\u00e1i c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3, sinh \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a B c\u00f3 \u0111\u1eb7c \u0111i\u1ec3m m\u00e2u thu\u1eabn v\u1edbi thu\u1ed9c t\u00ednh c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n c\u1ee7a A, khi\u1ebfn A b\u1ecb ph\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ecbnh.<\/p>\n

\u0110\u1ecdc m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 c\u00e2u c\u1eeda mi\u1ec7ng sau:<\/p>\n

(1) Anh, xanh c\u1ecdng \u0111\u1ecf c\u00e0ng (ho\u1eb7c: Eng, xeng c\u1ecdng \u0111\u1ecf c\u00e0ng)<\/p>\n

(2) Ch\u1ecb, c\u00e1i b\u1ecb ba quai.<\/p>\n

(3) Phi\u1ec1n, l\u00ean c\u1ea7u Tr\u01b0\u1eddng Ti\u1ec1n m\u00e0 nh\u1ea3y.(6)<\/p>\n

(4) To b\u1eb1ng tr\u00f4\u1ed1c b\u1ea3 ru\u1ed3i.<\/p>\n

(5) \u0110\u1eb9p nh\u01b0 c\u00e1i b\u1eb9p m\u1ee5 tra.<\/p>\n

Ba c\u00e2u \u0111\u1ea7u thu\u1ed9c m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh A th\u00ec\/l\u00e0 B. \u201cC\u1ecdng\u201d v\u00e0 \u201cc\u00e0ng\u201d (ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ecba ph\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u01b0\u1eddng d\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ec3 n\u00f3i v\u1ec1 cua, gh\u1eb9) n\u1ebfu thu\u1ed9c v\u00e0o m\u1ed9t ch\u1ec9nh th\u1ec3 (con cua, gh\u1eb9), l\u00e0 c\u00f9ng m\u00e0u: khi c\u00f2n s\u1ed1ng cua, gh\u1eb9 c\u00f3 m\u00e0u xanh, khi lu\u1ed9c ch\u00edn ng\u1ea3 sang m\u00e0u \u0111\u1ecf. \u201cXanh c\u1ecdng \u0111\u1ecf c\u00e0ng\u201d l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 tr\u00e1i l\u1ebd, b\u1ea5t th\u01b0\u1eddng. N\u00f3 ch\u1ec9 ra t\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t hai m\u1eb7t, s\u1ef1 thi\u1ebfu nh\u1ea5t qu\u00e1n. L\u00e0m anh m\u00e0 l\u00e1 m\u1eb7t l\u00e1 tr\u00e1i trong quan h\u1ec7 v\u1edbi em, th\u00ec kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n l\u00e0 anh n\u1eefa (1). \u201cB\u1ecb\u201d d\u00f9 to \u0111\u1ebfn m\u1ea5y c\u0169ng ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 hai quai. \u201cB\u1ecb ba quai\u201d l\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng b\u00ecnh th\u01b0\u1eddng, kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 trong th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf. Ch\u1ecb m\u00e0 l\u00e0\/nh\u01b0 \u201cc\u00e1i b\u1ecb ba quai\u201d, th\u00ec \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi ch\u1ecb qu\u00e1i \u0111\u1ea3n, th\u1ee9 b\u1ecf \u0111i (2). \u201cL\u00ean c\u1ea7u Tr\u01b0\u1eddng Ti\u1ec1n m\u00e0 nh\u1ea3y\u201d l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ki\u1ec3u t\u1ef1 t\u1eed kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i s\u1ee3 b\u1ecb c\u1ee9u s\u1ed1ng, b\u1edfi n\u1ebfu kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ebft v\u00ec g\u00e3y x\u01b0\u01a1ng, th\u00ec c\u0169ng ch\u1ebft v\u00ec ng\u1ea1t n\u01b0\u1edbc. Do t\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t \u201cd\u1eef d\u1ed9i\u201d c\u1ee7a ki\u1ec3u ch\u1ebft n\u00e0y m\u00e0 hi\u1ebfm ai l\u1ea1i \u201cnh\u1ea3y\u201d nh\u01b0 v\u1eady. Bu\u1ed3n phi\u1ec1n l\u00e0 chuy\u1ec7n b\u00ecnh th\u01b0\u1eddng c\u1ee7a ki\u1ebfp ng\u01b0\u1eddi, thu\u1ed9c th\u1ea5t t\u00ecnh l\u1ee5c d\u1ee5c sinh ra, n\u1ebfu h\u1ec5 phi\u1ec1n l\u00e0 \u0111i \u201cnh\u1ea3y\u201d th\u00ec e tr\u00e1i \u0111\u1ea5t kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n b\u00f3ng con ng\u01b0\u1eddi. T\u1ee9c chuy\u1ec7n \u201cl\u00ean c\u1ea7u Tr\u01b0\u1eddng Ti\u1ec1n m\u00e0 nh\u1ea3y\u201d l\u00e0 v\u00f4 duy\u00ean, v\u00f4 l\u1ed1i. M\u00e0 \u0111\u00e3 kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 nh\u1ea3y th\u00ec c\u0169ng ch\u1edb n\u00ean phi\u1ec1n (\u201cphi\u1ec1n\u201d b\u1ecb ph\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ecbnh) (3).<\/p>\n

Hai c\u00e2u cu\u1ed1i thu\u1ed9c m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh A b\u1eb1ng\/nh\u01b0 B. \u201cTr\u00f4\u1ed1c b\u1ea3\u201d l\u00e0 b\u1eafp \u0111\u00f9i, v\u1ebf ch\u00e2n. V\u1ebf ch\u00e2n c\u1ee7a ru\u1ed3i ch\u1ec9 nh\u1ebfch h\u01a1n s\u1ee3i l\u00f4ng m\u1ed9t t\u00ed. To b\u1eb1ng th\u1ee9 v\u1eeba n\u00f3i, v\u1edbi c\u00e1i nh\u00ecn c\u1ee7a m\u1eaft th\u01b0\u1eddng, th\u1eadt ra, l\u00e0 r\u1ea5t nh\u1ecf. Kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m \u201cto\u201d (th\u01b0\u1eddng d\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ec3 ch\u1ec9 ch\u1ee9c v\u1ee5 c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c n\u00f3i \u0111\u1ebfn) b\u1ecb h\u1ea1 b\u1ec7 (4). \u201cC\u00e1i b\u1eb9p m\u1ee5 tra\u201d kh\u00f4ng m\u1ea5y ai cho l\u00e0 \u0111\u1eb9p. \u0110\u1eb9p nh\u01b0 c\u00e1i \u1ea5y th\u00ec r\u00f5 l\u00e0\u2026 x\u1ea5u! (5). Nh\u01b0 v\u1eady, tuy n\u00f3i \u201cto\u201d, \u201c\u0111\u1eb9p\u201d nh\u01b0ng \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi c\u0169ng s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng nh\u1eefng bi\u1ec3u hi\u1ec7n (c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 coi l\u00e0 minh h\u1ecda c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3) \u0111\u1ed1i ngh\u1ecbch, nh\u1eb1m ph\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ecbnh ngay, khi\u1ebfn ch\u00fang th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1 tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh nh\u1ecf, x\u1ea5u.<\/p>\n

C\u00f3 th\u1ec3 d\u1eabn th\u00eam m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 c\u00e2u t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1:<\/p>\n

– Ch\u1ecb em, m\u1eafm nem ba \u0111\u1ed3ng (c\u00e2u c\u1eeda mi\u1ec7ng);<\/p>\n

– \u0102n m\u00e0 \u0111\u1ebb \u00f4ng b\u1ed9(7) cho l\u00e0ng nh\u1edd (c\u00e2u c\u1eeda mi\u1ec7ng);<\/p>\n

– B\u00e0 con b\u1eafn s\u00fang canh n\u00f4ng kh\u00f4ng th\u1ea5u (c\u00e2u c\u1eeda mi\u1ec7ng);<\/p>\n

– T\u1ed9i, l\u1ed9i xu\u1ed1ng s\u00f4ng, mai m\u1ed1t c\u00f3 ch\u1ed3ng th\u00ec l\u1ed9i m\u00e0 l\u00ean (\u0111\u1ed3ng dao);<\/p>\n

– Em kh\u00f4n, em \u1edf trong b\u1ed3; ch\u1ecb d\u1ea1i, ch\u1ecb \u1edf kinh \u0111\u00f4 ch\u1ecb v\u1ec1 (ca dao);<\/p>\n

– Phen n\u00e0y quy\u1ebft ch\u00ed bu\u00f4n to: bu\u00f4n tr\u1ea5u d\u1ea5m b\u1ebfp, bu\u00f4n tro tr\u1ed3ng h\u00e0nh (ca dao);<\/p>\n

– N\u00e0o ai hi\u1ebfu ngh\u0129a nh\u01b0 anh: khi \u0111au th\u00ec v\u1eafng, khi l\u00e0nh vi\u1ebfng th\u0103m (ca dao);…<\/p>\n

2.2.2.<\/strong>\u00a0D\u1ea1ng ph\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ecbnh \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t: m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh Lo + A (A: m\u1ed9t s\u1ef1 v\u1eadt, s\u1ef1 vi\u1ec7c hi\u1ec3n nhi\u00ean).<\/p>\n

M\u00f4 h\u00ecnh Lo + A \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c cho l\u00e0 d\u1ea1ng \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t, b\u1edfi t\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 nh\u01b0ng l\u1ea1i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng kh\u00e1 r\u1ed9ng r\u00e3i c\u1ee7a n\u00f3. A v\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t ng\u1eef ph\u00e1p, c\u00f3 vai tr\u00f2 l\u00e0m b\u1ed5 ng\u1eef (cho \u201clo\u201d), v\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t ng\u1eef ngh\u0129a, nh\u1eb1m bi\u1ec3u th\u1ecb m\u1ed9t s\u1ef1 v\u1eadt, hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng hay s\u1ef1 vi\u1ec7c c\u00f3 t\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t hi\u1ec3n nhi\u00ean. Lo v\u1ec1 m\u1ed9t \u0111i\u1ec1u hi\u1ec3n nhi\u00ean l\u00e0 lo h\u00e3o, lo m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch v\u00f4 l\u1ed1i. T\u1ee9c ph\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ecbnh vi\u1ec7c lo.<\/p>\n

Th\u00ed d\u1ee5:<\/p>\n

– Lo b\u00f2 tr\u1eafng r\u0103ng.<\/p>\n

– Lo tr\u00e2u kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 h\u00e0m tr\u00ean.(8)<\/p>\n

Ca dao c\u00f3 h\u1eb3n m\u1ed9t b\u00e0i \u201cM\u01b0\u1eddi lo\u201d theo th\u1ec3 l\u1ee5c b\u00e1t, m\u1ed7i d\u00f2ng th\u01a1 th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n m\u1ed9t m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh Lo + A, d\u01b0\u1edbi \u0111\u00e2y:<\/p>\n

M\u1ed9t lo em b\u00e9 tr\u1eafng r\u0103ng,
\nHai lo ng\u01b0\u1eddi th\u1ea5p kh\u00f4ng b\u1eb1ng ng\u01b0\u1eddi cao.
\nBa lo th\u1ea7y b\u00f3i t\u00e9 r\u00e0o,
\nB\u1ed1n lo con \u0111\u0129 mi\u1ec7ng ch\u00e0o kh\u00e1ch bu\u00f4n.
\nN\u0103m lo th\u1ee3 \u0111\u00fac c\u00f3 khu\u00f4n,
\nS\u00e1u lo k\u1ebb \u1edf tr\u00ean ngu\u1ed3n gian nan.
\nB\u1ea3y lo b\u00e0 g\u00f3a ch\u1eeda hoang,
\nT\u00e1m lo d\u00e2n l\u00e0ng h\u1ebft g\u1ea1o \u0111i x\u00e2u.
\nCh\u00edn lo bi\u1ec3n r\u1ed9ng h\u01a1n c\u1ea7u,
\nM\u01b0\u1eddi lo b\u00e0 v\u00e3i tr\u1ecdc \u0111\u1ea7u kh\u00f3 coi.<\/em><\/p>\n

3.<\/strong>\u00a0C\u00f3 th\u1ec3 c\u00f2n m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 h\u00ecnh th\u1ee9c ph\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ecbnh kh\u00e1c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00ecm th\u1ea5y trong ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ng\u1eef Hu\u1ebf, ch\u1eb3ng h\u1ea1n: \u201cC\u00f3 ch\u1ed9 m\u1eb7t ngang m\u1eb7t d\u1ecdc chi m\u00f4\u201d, \u201cAi, \u00f4ng cai b\u1ebfn \u0111\u00f2, \u00f4ng c\u00f2 D\u1ea1 L\u00ea, \u00f4ng K\u00ea An C\u1ef1u\u2026\u201d, \u201cBi\u1ebft c\u00f3 s\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1eb7ng \u0111\u1ebfn mai m\u00e0 \u0111\u1ec3 c\u1ee7 khoai \u0111\u1ebfn m\u1ed1t\u201d, \u201cH\u1ecdc chi m\u00e0 h\u1ecdc: h\u1ecdc ch\u1ecdc b\u00e1t c\u01a1m, h\u1ecdc \u0111\u01a1m c\u01a1m ch\u00e1y, h\u1ecdc c\u1ea1y th\u1ee7ng n\u1ed3i\u201d, \u201cKh\u00f4ng m\u1ee3 th\u00ec ch\u1ee3 c\u0169ng \u0111\u00f4ng; m\u1ee3 \u0111i trong Qu\u1ea3ng ai tr\u00f4ng m\u1ee3 v\u1ec1!\u201d,\u2026 Nh\u01b0ng ch\u00fang mang t\u00ednh c\u00e1 bi\u1ec7t, thi\u1ebfu s\u1ef1 thu h\u00fat \u0111\u1ec3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u1ea1o n\u00ean nh\u1eefng t\u1eadp h\u1ee3p hay chu\u1ed7i c\u00f9ng lo\u1ea1i. Do v\u1eady, c\u00e1c mi\u00eau t\u1ea3 \u1edf tr\u00ean ti\u00eau bi\u1ec3u h\u01a1n.<\/p>\n

B\u00e0i vi\u1ebft thu\u1ed9c m\u1ed9t l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c nh\u1ecf trong vi\u1ec7c nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u v\u1ec1 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ng\u1eef Hu\u1ebf. Tuy v\u1eady, n\u00f3 c\u0169ng ph\u1ea7n n\u00e0o cho th\u1ea5y s\u1eafc th\u00e1i ri\u00eang qua l\u1eddi \u0103n ti\u1ebfng n\u00f3i c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ecba, v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 th\u00fa v\u1ecb \u0111\u00e1ng k\u1ec3 khi \u0111\u1ed1i s\u00e1nh v\u1edbi ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef ph\u1ed5 th\u00f4ng.<\/p>\n

Theo Ti\u1ec1u Nguy\u00ean (T\u1ea1p ch\u00ed s\u00f4ng H\u01b0\u01a1ng)<\/strong><\/p>\n

————–<\/p>\n

(1) Theo: Nguy\u1ec5n Thi\u1ec7n Gi\u00e1p, T\u1eeb v\u1ef1ng h\u1ecdc ti\u1ebfng Vi\u1ec7t, Nxb. \u0110\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc v\u00e0 Trung h\u1ecdc chuy\u00ean nghi\u1ec7p, H\u00e0 N\u1ed9i, 1985; tr. 91-107.<\/p>\n

(2) Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ng\u1eef B\u1eafc B\u1ed9 c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t h\u00ecnh th\u1ee9c l\u00e1y \u0111\u1ec3 ph\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ecbnh: t\u1ea1o ti\u1ebfng l\u00e1y b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch l\u1ea5y ph\u1ee5 \u00e2m \u0111\u1ea7u c\u1ee7a ti\u1ebfng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u00e1y c\u1ed9ng v\u1edbi [-i\u1ebfc]: \u201cnh\u00e0 nhi\u1ebfc\u201d, \u201cs\u00e1ch si\u1ebfc\u201d, \u201c\u0111i \u0111i\u1ebfc\u201d, \u201cxe \u0111\u1ea1p xe \u0111i\u1ebfc\u201d, \u201cc\u00e2u l\u1ea1c b\u1ed9 c\u00e2u l\u1ea1c bi\u1ebfc\u201d,\u2026<\/p>\n

(3) X\u00e9t m\u1eb7t c\u1ea5u t\u1ea1o, th\u00ec \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng trung gian gi\u1eefa t\u1eeb l\u00e1y v\u00e0 c\u1ee5m t\u1eeb t\u1ef1 do.<\/p>\n

(4) X\u00f4ng ph\u00e0: L\u1eddi ng\u01b0\u1eddi th\u1ea7y c\u00fang th\u01b0\u1eddng d\u00f9ng trong c\u00e1c l\u1ec5 xua \u0111u\u1ed5i y\u00eau ma, c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec3u nh\u01b0: \u201cC\u00fat x\u00e9o ngay!\u201d.<\/p>\n

(5) Theo:\u00a0Tri\u1ec1u Nguy\u00ean, Truy\u1ec7n c\u01b0\u1eddi, truy\u1ec7n tr\u1ea1ng v\u00e0 giai tho\u1ea1i x\u1ee9 Hu\u1ebf<\/em>, Nxb. \u0110\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc Qu\u1ed1c gia H\u00e0 N\u1ed9i, 2010; tr. 91, v\u00e0 tr. 77.<\/p>\n

Ph\u00e2n t\u00edch truy\u1ec7n \u201cM\u1ec7 \u1ed3n l\u1eafm\u201d: Theo c\u00e1c c\u00e1ch l\u00e1y c\u00f3 tr\u01b0\u1edbc (nhi\u1ec1u -> b\u1edd li\u1ec1u xi\u1ec1u xi\u1ec1u; \u00edt ->b\u1edd l\u00edt x\u00edt x\u00edt;\u2026), th\u00ec \u1ed3n kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 l\u00e0 \u201cb\u1edd l\u00ecm x\u00ecm x\u00ecm\u201d. C\u1ea5u tr\u00fac t\u1ea1o ra c\u00e1i t\u1ee5c, c\u00f2n l\u1eddi n\u00f3i th\u00ec v\u1edd \u201cl\u00e1ch\u201d \u0111i \u0111\u1ec3 ki\u00eang tr\u00e1nh. \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 ch\u1ed7 \u201c\u0111\u1eafc d\u1ee5ng\u201d c\u1ee7a truy\u1ec7n c\u01b0\u1eddi n\u00e0y.<\/p>\n

(6) \u1ede d\u1ea1ng m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a c\u00e2u n\u00e0y, c\u00f3 ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ecdc: \u201cAnh c\u00f3 phi\u1ec1n l\u00ean c\u1ea7u Tr\u01b0\u1eddng Ti\u1ec1n m\u00e0 nh\u1ea3y, mu\u1ed1n \u0111\u1ea1o ng\u00e3i \u0111\u1ebfn m\u1ee5 Tr\u00f9m Chanh, mu\u1ed1n th\u01b0\u01a1ng anh \u0111\u1ebfn m\u1ee5 B\u1ebfp L\u00e9\u201d, ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn kho\u1ea3ng n\u1eeda \u0111\u1ea7u th\u1ebf k\u1ec9 XX.<\/p>\n

(7) \u00d4ng b\u1ed9: ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 v\u00f3c d\u00e1ng nam nh\u01b0ng kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 b\u1ed9 ph\u1eadn sinh d\u1ee5c nh\u01b0 nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00e0n \u00f4ng kh\u00e1c, th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u01b0u ti\u00ean tuy\u1ec3n v\u00e0o cung l\u00e0m th\u00e1i gi\u00e1m (l\u00e0ng, t\u1ed5ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 nh\u1edd \u0111\u00f3 m\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c gi\u1ea3m s\u01b0u d\u1ecbch, nh\u01b0ng b\u1eadc l\u00e0m cha m\u1eb9 th\u00ec kh\u00f4ng m\u1ea5y ai l\u1ea1i mu\u1ed1n con m\u00ecnh nh\u01b0 v\u1eady).<\/p>\n

(8) B\u00f2 th\u00ec r\u0103ng tr\u1eafng, tr\u00e2u th\u00ec t\u1ea5t y\u1ebfu kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 h\u00e0m tr\u00ean.<\/p>\n

(\u00a0 http:\/\/hue.vnn.vn\/vi\/52\/4579\/Hue—Di-San\/Mot-so-hinh-thuc-phu-dinh-cua-phuong-ngu-Hue.html?#.UmDXklOzMXz )<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

M\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 h\u00ecnh th\u1ee9c ph\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u1ee7a ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ng\u1eef Hu\u1ebf C\u1eadp nh\u1eadt \u00a015:01 17\/10\/13 1.\u00a0Theo c\u00e1ch hi\u1ec3u chung nh\u1ea5t, th\u00ec ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ng\u1eef l\u00e0 bi\u1ebfn th\u1ec3 theo \u0111\u1ecba ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ho\u1eb7c theo t\u1ea7ng l\u1edbp x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef. C\u00f3 nh\u1eefng bi\u1ebfn th\u1ec3 thu\u1ed9c ng\u1eef \u00e2m, t\u1eeb v\u1ef1ng v\u00e0 c\u0169ng c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng bi\u1ebfn th\u1ec3 thu\u1ed9c ng\u1eef […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"k%e1%bb%b9-thu%e1%ba%adt","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[8],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-1898","post","type-post","status-publish","format-k-thut","hentry","category-ting-vit","post_format-k-thut"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/dongson.info\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1898","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/dongson.info\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/dongson.info\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/dongson.info\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/dongson.info\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=1898"}],"version-history":[{"count":6,"href":"https:\/\/dongson.info\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1898\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":2033,"href":"https:\/\/dongson.info\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1898\/revisions\/2033"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/dongson.info\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=1898"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/dongson.info\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=1898"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/dongson.info\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=1898"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}