{"id":1984,"date":"2013-05-02T00:52:04","date_gmt":"2013-05-02T00:52:04","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/fanzung.com\/?p=1984"},"modified":"2014-01-09T07:35:03","modified_gmt":"2014-01-09T07:35:03","slug":"ki%e1%ba%bfn-truc-t%e1%bb%95ng-th%e1%bb%83-b%e1%bb%a9c-tranh-toan-c%e1%ba%a3nh","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/dongson.info\/?p=1984","title":{"rendered":"Ki\u1ebfn tr\u00fac t\u1ed5ng th\u1ec3: B\u1ee9c tranh to\u00e0n c\u1ea3nh"},"content":{"rendered":"\n\n\n
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Ph\u1ea3i x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ee9 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 nh\u00ecn th\u1ea5u m\u1ecdi th\u1ee9. Ph\u1ea3i th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n ki\u1ebfn tr\u00fac ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee7 \u0111i\u1ec7n t\u1eed (CP\u0110T), trong m\u1ed9t m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng ph\u1ed1i c\u1ea3nh \u0111a chi\u1ec1u \u0111\u1ec3 c\u00e2n nh\u1eafc xem ch\u00fang g\u1eafn k\u1ebft, t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u00e1c v\u1edbi nhau nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf n\u00e0o? L\u00e0m th\u1ebf n\u00e0o \u0111\u1ec3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111i t\u1eeb tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i hi\u1ec7n th\u1eddi \u0111\u1ebfn tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i \u0111\u00edch\u2026? Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p lu\u1eadn v\u1ec1 CP\u0110T g\u1ecdi b\u1ee9c tranh \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 ki\u1ebfn tr\u00fac t\u1ed5ng th\u1ec3 (Enterprise Architecture, g\u1ecdi t\u1eaft l\u00e0 EA).<\/div>\n
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M\u1ecdi t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ec1u v\u1eadn \u0111\u1ed9ng d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean th\u00f4ng tin. Theo \u0111\u00f3, nh\u1eefng con ng\u01b0\u1eddi hay nh\u00f3m \u2013 th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n c\u1ea5u t\u1ea1o t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c \u2013 \u0111\u1ea3m \u0111\u01b0\u01a1ng nh\u1eefng nhi\u1ec7m v\u1ee5 c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 lu\u00f4n lu\u00f4n giao ti\u1ebfp v\u1edbi nhau, th\u00f4ng tin cho nhau \u0111\u1ec3 t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u00e1c gi\u1eefa b\u1ed9 ph\u1eadn n\u00e0y v\u1edbi b\u1ed9 ph\u1eadn kh\u00e1c, ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u00e0y v\u1edbi ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c\u2026 Ch\u1ec9 nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf, t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c m\u1edbi c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i v\u00e0 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n.<\/p>\n

Trong khi \u0111\u00f3, t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c l\u1ea1i xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n t\u1eeb xa x\u01b0a, tr\u01b0\u1edbc CNTT r\u1ea5t l\u00e2u. V\u00e0 t\u1eeb th\u1eddi xa x\u01b0a \u1ea5y, b\u1ea3n ch\u1ea5t tr\u00ean \u0111\u00e3 t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i v\u00e0 s\u1ebd t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i m\u00e3i m\u00e3i c\u00f9ng v\u1edbi x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i lo\u00e0i ng\u01b0\u1eddi. V\u00ec th\u1ebf, vi\u1ec7c m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh h\u00f3a t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c lu\u00f4n lu\u00f4n d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn b\u1ed9 \u0111\u00f4i: M\u00f4 h\u00ecnh t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c (t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf n\u00e0o?) v\u00e0 m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh th\u00f4ng tin (h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng th\u00f4ng tin b\u00ean trong t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng v\u00e0 v\u1eadn h\u00e0nh nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf n\u00e0o?).<\/p>\n

M\u1ecdi chuy\u1ec7n thay \u0111\u1ed5i khi CNTT ra \u0111\u1eddi v\u00e0 m\u1edf ra nh\u1eefng vi\u1ec5n c\u1ea3nh m\u1edbi, mang \u0111\u1ebfn cho t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ti\u1ec7n x\u1eed l\u00fd th\u00f4ng tin v\u1edbi t\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 r\u1ea5t cao, l\u01b0u tr\u1eef th\u00f4ng tin v\u1edbi kh\u1ed1i l\u01b0\u1ee3ng r\u1ea5t l\u1edbn v\u00e0 truy\u1ec1n th\u00f4ng tin g\u1ea7n nh\u01b0 t\u1ee9c th\u00ec v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1n v\u1ec1 kho\u1ea3ng c\u00e1ch. Nh\u1eefng \u01b0u vi\u1ec7t \u0111\u00f3 v\u01b0\u1ee3t xa kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c th\u1ee7 c\u00f4ng. Ch\u00fang gi\u00fap con ng\u01b0\u1eddi th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec1u m\u00e0 trong th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi th\u1ee7 c\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 m\u01a1 \u01b0\u1edbc, v\u1edbi c\u00e1c \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng ng\u00e0y c\u00e0ng phong ph\u00fa, \u0111a d\u1ea1ng v\u00e0 ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean nh\u1eefng n\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 ng\u00e0y m\u1ed9t ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n. V\u00ec th\u1ebf, nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng CNTT trong m\u1ed9t t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c lu\u00f4n d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng (application model – t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c s\u1ebd ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf n\u00e0o trong m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng CNTT) v\u00e0 m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 (technology model – c\u00e1c \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n tr\u00ean n\u1ec1n c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 n\u00e0o).<\/p>\n

T\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t th\u1ef1c th\u1ec3 th\u1ed1ng nh\u1ea5t, n\u00ean m\u1ecdi s\u1ef1 thay \u0111\u1ed5i \u1edf m\u1ed9t th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n b\u00ean trong lu\u00f4n lu\u00f4n k\u00e9o theo s\u1ef1 thay \u0111\u1ed5i \u1edf t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n c\u00f2n l\u1ea1i. Khi CNTT x\u00e2m nh\u1eadp v\u00e0o t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c, l\u00e0m thay \u0111\u1ed5i c\u00e1ch th\u1ee9c con ng\u01b0\u1eddi ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng th\u00f4ng tin b\u00ean trong t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c, k\u00e9o theo thay \u0111\u1ed5i c\u1ea3 v\u1ec1 m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c l\u1eabn m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh th\u00f4ng tin. N\u00f3i theo ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd, vi\u1ec7c \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng CNTT (hay \u0111i\u1ec7n t\u1eed h\u00f3a) ch\u1eafc ch\u1eafn l\u00e0m thay \u0111\u1ed5i c\u00e1c quy tr\u00ecnh l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c th\u1ee7 c\u00f4ng (c\u1ea3i c\u00e1ch h\u00e0nh ch\u00ednh) theo h\u01b0\u1edbng t\u1ea1o \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n t\u1ed1t nh\u1ea5t cho CNTT ph\u00e1t huy nh\u1eefng n\u0103ng l\u1ef1c ph\u1ee5c v\u1ee5 ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ti\u1ebfp thu v\u00e0 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n c\u1ee7a t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c.<\/p>\n

T\u1ed5ng h\u1ee3p nh\u1eefng \u00fd tr\u00ean d\u1eabn ch\u00fang ta \u0111\u1ebfn 4 h\u1ee3p ph\u1ea7n m\u00e0 t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p lu\u1eadn v\u1ec1 CP\u0110T \u0111\u1ec1u th\u1ed1ng nh\u1ea5t l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn l\u00e0: M\u00f4 h\u00ecnh t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c + M\u00f4 h\u00ecnh th\u00f4ng tin (\u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng tr\u00ean n\u1ec1n m\u00f3ng c\u1ee7a chi\u1ebfn l\u01b0\u1ee3c CP\u0110T v\u1ec1 t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c); M\u00f4 h\u00ecnh \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng + M\u00f4 h\u00ecnh c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 (\u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng tr\u00ean n\u1ec1n m\u00f3ng c\u1ee7a chi\u1ebfn l\u01b0\u1ee3c CP\u0110T v\u1ec1 CNTT).<\/p>\n\n\n\n
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Ki\u1ebfn tr\u00fac t\u1ed5ng th\u1ec3 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t k\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch chi ti\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh h\u01b0\u1edbng. N\u00f3 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t b\u1ee9c tranh ki\u1ebfn tr\u00fac \u0111a chi\u1ec1u, gi\u00fap ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta ph\u00e2n t\u00edch c\u00e1c m\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7 \u0111an ch\u00e9o gi\u1eefa t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c chi\u1ec1u nh\u1eb1m t\u00ecm ra c\u00e1c nh\u00e2n t\u1ed1 t\u1ea1o n\u00ean s\u1ef1 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n \u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh v\u00e0 b\u1ec1n v\u1eefng c\u1ee7a t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c.<\/strong><\/div>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n

Khung ki\u1ebfn tr\u00fac t\u1ed5ng th\u1ec3<\/strong><\/p>\n

Ki\u1ebfn tr\u00fac c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t t\u1eadp h\u1ee3p c\u00e1c m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u00f9ng l\u00e0m c\u01a1 s\u1edf \u0111\u1ec3 ph\u00e2n t\u00edch, gi\u00fap c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n nh\u1eefng thay \u0111\u1ed5i c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch v\u00e0 m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau c\u1ee7a t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c \u0111\u00f3. C\u00e1c m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh n\u00e0y th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n vai tr\u00f2 gi\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 c\u00e1c b\u1ea3n k\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch chi ti\u1ebft h\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn v\u00e0 ph\u1ed1i h\u1ee3p n\u1ed7 l\u1ef1c c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c b\u1ed9 ph\u1eadn li\u00ean quan trong vi\u1ec7c x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng m\u1edbi ho\u1eb7c thay \u0111\u1ed5i m\u1ed9t t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c hi\u1ec7n t\u1ea1i.<\/p>\n

Th\u1ef1c ti\u1ec5n cho th\u1ea5y trong nh\u1eefng t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c l\u1edbn, c\u00e1c m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c t\u1ea1i nh\u1eefng b\u1ed9 ph\u1eadn kh\u00e1c nhau th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng b\u1edfi c\u00e1c nh\u00f3m kh\u00e1c nhau. C\u00e1c nh\u00f3m n\u00e0y th\u01b0\u1eddng c\u00f3 xu h\u01b0\u1edbng t\u1ea1o ra nh\u1eefng s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m ki\u1ebfn tr\u00fac ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u00e1p \u1ee9ng y\u00eau c\u1ea7u c\u1ee7a ri\u00eang ch\u1ee9 kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng \u1edf n\u01a1i kh\u00e1c, c\u00f2n n\u1ebfu mu\u1ed1n \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng th\u00ec ph\u1ea3i hi\u1ec7u ch\u1ec9nh r\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u. V\u00ec th\u1ebf, khi m\u1ed9t t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c mu\u1ed1n chu\u1ea9n h\u00f3a k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c c\u1ee7a t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c nh\u00f3m v\u00e0o ki\u1ebfn tr\u00fac t\u1ed5ng th\u1ec3 th\u00ec bi\u1ec7n ph\u00e1p \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean l\u00e0 thi\u1ebft l\u1eadp m\u1ed9t khung ki\u1ebfn tr\u00fac t\u1ed5ng th\u1ec3 chung (EA).<\/p>\n

Kh\u00f3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng m\u1ed9t khung EA duy nh\u1ea5t chung cho t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 m\u1ecdi tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p do s\u1ef1 kh\u00e1c nhau v\u1ec1 l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c , tr\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ed9 qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd, ngu\u1ed3n nh\u00e2n l\u1ef1c, kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng \u0111\u1ea7u t\u01b0, trang b\u1ecb, c\u01a1 ch\u1ebf v\u1eadn \u0111\u1ed9ng\u2026 T\u1eeb \u0111\u00e2y, xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n nh\u1eefng c\u00e1ch ti\u1ebfp c\u1eadn kh\u00e1c nhau v\u1ec1 x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng khung EA cho nh\u1eefng l\u1edbp t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c kh\u00e1c nhau.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
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H\u00ecnh 4 tr\u1ee5 c\u1ed9t c\u1ee7a EA<\/strong><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n

Ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta ghi nh\u1eadn c\u00f3 5 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng nhi\u1ec1u nh\u1ea5t v\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c xem l\u00e0 c\u00f3 \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng nh\u1ea5t:<\/p>\n

\u2022 TOGAF (The Open Group Architecture Framework – Khung ki\u1ebfn tr\u00fac nh\u00f3m m\u1edf)
\n\u2022 The Zachman Framework (Khung Zachman)
\n\u2022 FEAF (Federal Enterprise Architecture Framework – Khung ki\u1ebfn tr\u00fac t\u1ed5ng th\u1ec3 ki\u1ec3u li\u00ean bang)
\n\u2022 MDA (Model Driven Architecture – Ki\u1ebfn tr\u00fac \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111i\u1ec1u khi\u1ec3n b\u1edfi m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh)
\n\u2022 EUP (Enterprise Unified Process – Quy tr\u00ecnh h\u1ee3p nh\u1ea5t t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c).
\nM\u1ed7i ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p \u0111\u01b0a ra m\u1ed9t khung (framework) g\u1ed3m nhi\u1ec1u m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh con ph\u00e2n t\u00edch c\u00e1c kh\u00eda c\u1ea1nh kh\u00e1c nhau c\u1ee7a ki\u1ebfn tr\u00fac cho m\u1ed9t l\u1edbp t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p. Trong s\u1ed1 \u0111\u00f3, theo \u00fd ki\u1ebfn c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n, FEAF l\u00e0 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p c\u00f3 c\u00e1ch di\u1ec5n \u0111\u1ea1t s\u00e1ng s\u1ee7a v\u00e0 d\u1ec5 hi\u1ec3u h\u01a1n c\u1ea3.<\/p>\n

FEAF \u0111\u1eb7t t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c quy tr\u00ecnh ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n, t\u1eeb ki\u1ebfn tr\u00fac nghi\u1ec7p v\u1ee5, ki\u1ebfn tr\u00fac d\u1eef li\u1ec7u, ki\u1ebfn tr\u00fac \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng v\u00e0 ki\u1ebfn tr\u00fac c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 hi\u1ec7n th\u1eddi th\u00f4ng qua c\u00e1c m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh ki\u1ebfn tr\u00fac v\u00e0 c\u00e1c qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed5i, chu\u1ea9n h\u00f3a \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea1t t\u1edbi ki\u1ebfn tr\u00fac nghi\u1ec7p v\u1ee5, ki\u1ebfn tr\u00fac d\u1eef li\u1ec7u, ki\u1ebfn tr\u00fac \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng v\u00e0 ki\u1ebfn tr\u00fac c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 t\u01b0\u01a1ng lai trong m\u1ed9t khung t\u1ed5ng th\u1ec3 th\u1ed1ng nh\u1ea5t.<\/p>\n

FEAF \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng nhi\u1ec1u trong c\u00e1c t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c c\u00f3 tr\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ed9 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ed1i cao, n\u01a1i hi\u1ec7n h\u1eefu m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ed1i \u0111\u1ed3ng nh\u1ea5t. N\u1ebfu kh\u1edfi \u0111\u1ea7u t\u1eeb m\u1ed9t m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ed3ng nh\u1ea5t (c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n \u1edf c\u00e1c c\u1ea5p \u0111\u1ed9 kh\u00e1c nhau trong c\u00f9ng m\u1ed9t t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c nh\u01b0 th\u01b0\u1eddng th\u1ea5y \u1edf n\u01b0\u1edbc ta) th\u00ec TOGAF l\u00e0 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c xem l\u00e0 ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n
\n
Trong h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p lu\u1eadn thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng th\u00f4ng tin \u0111\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ea1i, EA \u0111\u00f3ng vai tr\u00f2 \u201cnh\u1ea1c tr\u01b0\u1edfng\u201d. M\u1ed7i h\u1ee3p ph\u1ea7n c\u1ee7a EA bao g\u1ed3m nhi\u1ec1u n\u1ed9i dung ri\u00eang bi\u1ec7t. <\/strong><\/div>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n

TOGAF d\u1ef1ng l\u00ean m\u1ed9t khung ki\u1ebfn tr\u00fac t\u1ed5ng th\u1ec3 g\u1ed3m ph\u1ea7n l\u00f5i v\u00e0 c\u00e1c th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng. Khung ki\u1ebfn tr\u00fac t\u1ed5ng th\u1ec3 l\u00f5i bao g\u1ed3m:<\/p>\n

\u2022 Ki\u1ebfn tr\u00fac nghi\u1ec7p v\u1ee5: M\u00f4 t\u1ea3 c\u00e1c m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng, c\u00e1c ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng, c\u00e1c quy tr\u00ecnh nghi\u1ec7p v\u1ee5\u2026
\n\u2022 Ki\u1ebfn tr\u00fac d\u1eef li\u1ec7u: X\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u00e1c quan h\u1ec7 gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c t\u1eadp h\u1ee3p d\u1eef li\u1ec7u, c\u00e1c quy tr\u00ecnh nghi\u1ec7p v\u1ee5 v\u00e0 d\u1eef li\u1ec7u
\n\u2022 Ki\u1ebfn tr\u00fac \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng: X\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng, giao di\u1ec7n ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u2013 m\u00e1y, c\u01a1 ch\u1ebf x\u1eed l\u00fd, c\u00e1c quy t\u1eafc nghi\u1ec7p v\u1ee5
\n\u2022 Ki\u1ebfn tr\u00fac k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt: Th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n c\u00e1c m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh d\u1eef li\u1ec7u v\u1eadt l\u00fd, thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt, c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 v\u00e0 c\u00e1c c\u01a1 ch\u1ebf tr\u00ecnh di\u1ec5n, thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf c\u00e1c th\u1ee7 t\u1ee5c v\u00e0 c\u01a1 ch\u1ebf ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t.<\/p>\n

C\u00e1c th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng g\u1ed3m:
\n\u2022 C\u00e1c ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n, ch\u00ednh s\u00e1ch: X\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u00e1c ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n, \u0111\u1ec1 xu\u1ea5t c\u00e1c ch\u00ednh s\u00e1ch cho t\u1eebng b\u1ed9 ph\u1eadn c\u1ea5u th\u00e0nh
\n\u2022 Ki\u1ebfn tr\u00fac an ninh: X\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u00e1c y\u00eau c\u1ea7u v\u00e0 gi\u1ea3i ph\u00e1p v\u1ec1 an ninh cho to\u00e0n b\u1ed9 t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c, \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t l\u00e0 an ninh d\u1eef li\u1ec7u
\n\u2022 Ki\u1ebfn tr\u00fac d\u1ecbch v\u1ee5: X\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u00e1ch th\u1ee9c cung c\u1ea5p d\u1ecbch v\u1ee5 c\u1ee7a t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c.
\n\u0110\u1ebfn th\u00e1ng 11\/2010, trong c\u1ea3 n\u01b0\u1edbc ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 TP.\u0110\u00e0 N\u1eb5ng l\u00e0 \u0111\u00e3 x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng ho\u00e0n ch\u1ec9nh ki\u1ebfn tr\u00fac t\u1ed5ng th\u1ec3 CP\u0110T (K\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 c\u1ee7a d\u1ef1 \u00e1n CNTT-TT TP.\u0110\u00e0 N\u1eb5ng). Khung ki\u1ebfn tr\u00fac t\u1ed5ng th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ec1 xu\u1ea5t cho TP.\u0110\u00e0 N\u1eb5ng c\u00f3 c\u00e1c th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u00f4 t\u1ea3 trong h\u00ecnh.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Nguy\u1ec5n Tu\u1ea5n Hoa (www.pcworld.com.vn) Ph\u1ea3i x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ee9 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 nh\u00ecn th\u1ea5u m\u1ecdi th\u1ee9. Ph\u1ea3i th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n ki\u1ebfn tr\u00fac ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee7 \u0111i\u1ec7n t\u1eed (CP\u0110T), trong m\u1ed9t m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng ph\u1ed1i c\u1ea3nh \u0111a chi\u1ec1u \u0111\u1ec3 c\u00e2n nh\u1eafc xem ch\u00fang g\u1eafn k\u1ebft, t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u00e1c v\u1edbi nhau nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf n\u00e0o? L\u00e0m th\u1ebf n\u00e0o \u0111\u1ec3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111i t\u1eeb […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"k%e1%bb%b9-thu%e1%ba%adt","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[15],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-1984","post","type-post","status-publish","format-k-thut","hentry","category-k-thut","post_format-k-thut"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/dongson.info\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1984","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/dongson.info\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/dongson.info\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/dongson.info\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/dongson.info\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=1984"}],"version-history":[{"count":4,"href":"https:\/\/dongson.info\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1984\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":2036,"href":"https:\/\/dongson.info\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1984\/revisions\/2036"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/dongson.info\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=1984"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/dongson.info\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=1984"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/dongson.info\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=1984"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}