{"id":9,"date":"2010-11-30T06:57:46","date_gmt":"2010-11-30T06:57:46","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/viethannom.wordpress.com\/?p=4"},"modified":"2010-11-30T06:57:46","modified_gmt":"2010-11-30T06:57:46","slug":"v%e1%bb%81-h%c6%a1n-4000-nam-l%e1%bb%8bch-s%e1%bb%ad-vi%e1%bb%87t-nam","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/dongson.info\/?p=9","title":{"rendered":"V\u1ec0 H\u01a0N 4000 N\u0102M L\u1ecaCH S\u1eec VI\u1ec6T NAM"},"content":{"rendered":"
\u0110\u00e3 \u0111\u0103ng t\u1ea1p ch\u00ed \t\t\tNghi\u00ean C\u1ee9u v\u00e0 Ph\u00e1t Tri\u1ec3n, No. 5(82)\/2010<\/span><\/div>\n

\n<\/span><\/div>\n
\u0110I T\u00ccM L\u00dd GI\u1ea2I KHOA H\u1eccC V\u1ec0 CON S\u1ed0 H\u01a0N B\u1ed0N \t\tNG\u00c0N N\u0102M L\u1ecaCH S\u1eec VN<\/strong><\/span><\/div>\n
<\/strong><\/span>
\nT\u00f3m l\u01b0\u1ee3c: B\u00e0i n\u00e0y \u0111i t\u1eeb c\u00e1c c\u1ee9 li\u1ec7u l\u1ecbch s\u1eed c\u1ed5 \t\t\u0111\u1ecba ch\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a v\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng b\u1eb1ng B\u1eafc b\u1ed9, v\u00e0 suy lu\u1eadn v\u1edbi t\u01b0 duy khoa h\u1ecdc \u0111\u1ec3 \t\tlo\u1ea1i b\u1ecf c\u00e1c ph\u1ea7n hoang \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng trong c\u00e1c truy\u1ec1n thuy\u1ebft, \u0111i \u0111\u1ebfn kh\u1eb3ng \u0111\u1ecbnh \t\tVi\u1ec7t Nam \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 g\u1ea7n 5000 n\u0103m l\u1ecbch s\u1eed ch\u1ee9 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i ch\u1ec9 h\u01a1n 4000 n\u0103m.<\/em><\/div>\n
\n

(B\u00e0i \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u0103ng t\u1ea1p ch\u00ed Nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u v\u00e0 Ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n, No 5(82),2010.)<\/span><\/em><\/p>\n

\n

I. T\u00ecm hi\u1ec3u v\u1ec1 hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng bi\u1ec3n ti\u1ebfn Flan\u0111ri<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

Xin tr\u00edch m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 \u0111o\u1ea1n b\u00e0i vi\u1ebft [1] c\u1ee7a DO\u00c3N \u0110\u00ccNH \t\tL\u00c2M [1] v\u1ec1 hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng bi\u1ec3n ti\u1ebfn Flan\u0111ri v\u00e0 c\u00f3 m\u00f4 t\u1ea3 qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh di\u1ec5n bi\u1ebfn \t\tkh\u00e1 c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 tr\u00ean khu v\u1ef1c \u0111\u1ed3ng b\u1eb1ng B\u1eafc b\u1ed9:
\n\u201c… Cu\u1ed1i Pleistocen[2] mu\u1ed9n, do \u0111\u1ee3t b\u0103ng h\u00e0 Wurm n\u00ean m\u1ef1c n\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u1ea1i d\u01b0\u01a1ng \t\ttr\u00ean to\u00e0n c\u1ea7u h\u1ea1 th\u1ea5p xu\u1ed1ng. T\u1ea1i th\u1eddi \u0111i\u1ec3m 18.000-20.000 n\u0103m BP m\u1ef1c n\u01b0\u1edbc \t\t\u0111\u1ea1i d\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ee9ng t\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ed9 s\u00e2u -100, -120 m so v\u1edbi m\u1ef1c bi\u1ec3n trung b\u00ecnh hi\u1ec7n \t\tt\u1ea1i.\u201d
\n\u201c… T\u1ea1i Vi\u1ec7t Nam, k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 c\u00f4ng tr\u00ecnh cho th\u1ea5y v\u00e0o \t\t\u0111\u1ea7u Holocen[3] s\u1edbm (10.000-8000 n\u0103m BP), bi\u1ec3n ti\u1ebfn Flan\u0111ri \u0111\u00e3 b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u \t\ttr\u00e0n ng\u1eadp \u0111\u1ed3ng b\u1eb1ng s\u00f4ng H\u1ed3ng. T\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 d\u00e2ng c\u1ee7a m\u1ef1c n\u01b0\u1edbc bi\u1ec3n trong giai \t\t\u0111o\u1ea1n n\u00e0y l\u00e0 kh\u00e1 cao (9-12 mm\/n\u0103m). \u0110\u1ee3t bi\u1ec3n ti\u1ebfn n\u00e0y \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ec9nh cao t\u1ea1i \t\tth\u1eddi \u0111i\u1ec3m x\u1ea5p x\u1ec9 6000 n\u0103m BP v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed9 cao c\u1ee7a m\u1ef1c n\u01b0\u1edbc bi\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ea1t t\u1edbi 3-4 m \t\ttr\u00ean m\u1ef1c bi\u1ec3n trung b\u00ecnh hi\u1ec7n t\u1ea1i. Sau th\u1eddi \u0111i\u1ec3m kho\u1ea3ng 6.000 n\u0103m BP, \t\tm\u1ef1c bi\u1ec3n b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u r\u00fat xu\u1ed1ng theo nguy\u00ean t\u1eafc dao \u0111\u1ed9ng con l\u1eafc \u0111\u01a1n t\u1eaft d\u1ea7n.\u201d
\n\u201c\u2026 Trong ph\u1ea1m vi ch\u00e2u th\u1ed5 s\u00f4ng H\u1ed3ng, m\u1ef1c n\u01b0\u1edbc bi\u1ec3n d\u00e2ng cao c\u1ef1c \u0111\u1ea1i v\u00e0o \t\tkho\u1ea3ng tr\u00ean d\u01b0\u1edbi 6000 n\u0103m BP \u0111\u00e3 nh\u1ea5n ch\u00ecm h\u1ea7u h\u1ebft di\u1ec7n t\u00edch \u0111\u1ed3ng b\u1eb1ng \t\tch\u00e2u th\u1ed5 s\u00f4ng H\u1ed3ng. C\u00e1c t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u ng\u1ea5n n\u01b0\u1edbc bi\u1ec3n t\u1ea1i c\u00e1c v\u00f9ng \t\t\u0111\u00e1 v\u00f4i H\u1ea1 Long, Ninh B\u00ecnh cho th\u1ea5y t\u1ea1i th\u1eddi \u0111i\u1ec3m 5.000-6.000 n\u0103m BP, m\u1ef1c \t\tn\u01b0\u1edbc bi\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ee9ng t\u1ea1i 5-5,5 m tr\u00ean 0 h\u1ea3i \u0111\u1ed3 (5-5.5 A.D). Nh\u01b0 v\u1eady tr\u00ean ph\u1ea1m \t\tvi ch\u00e2u th\u1ed5 s\u00f4ng H\u1ed3ng, t\u1ea1i th\u1eddi \u0111i\u1ec3m kho\u1ea3ng 6000 n\u0103m BP, to\u00e0n b\u1ed9 v\u00f9ng \t\ttrung t\u00e2m \u0111\u1ed3ng b\u1eb1ng ch\u00e2u th\u1ed5 s\u00f4ng H\u1ed3ng \u0111\u00e3 b\u1ecb ng\u1eadp ch\u00ecm trong n\u01b0\u1edbc bi\u1ec3n.
\n\u201c\u2026 S\u1ef1 c\u00f3 m\u1eb7t c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c th\u00e0nh t\u1ea1o aluvi Holocen d\u01b0\u1edbi-gi\u1eefa (aQ21-2 yl) ch\u1ee9ng \t\tt\u1ecf trong m\u1ed9t th\u1eddi gian t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ed1i d\u00e0i, m\u1ef1c n\u01b0\u1edbc bi\u1ec3n h\u1ea7u nh\u01b0 \u00edt thay \u0111\u1ed5i, \t\tn\u1ebfu c\u00f3 th\u00ec c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u00e1ng k\u1ec3.\u201d
\n\u201c\u2026 V\u00e0o kho\u1ea3ng \u0111\u1ea7u Holocen gi\u1eefa (kho\u1ea3ng 7700 BP)[4], m\u1ef1c bi\u1ec3n h\u1ea1 th\u1ea5p d\u1ea7n \t\ttheo nguy\u00ean l\u00ed con l\u1eafc \u0111\u01a1n t\u1eaft d\u1ea7n. L\u00fac n\u00e0y t\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 b\u1ed3i t\u1ee5 v\u00f9ng c\u1eeda s\u00f4ng \t\tl\u1edbn h\u01a1n t\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 l\u00fan ch\u00ecm. Ch\u00e2u th\u1ed5 b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n m\u1ea1nh. V\u00f9ng tr\u01b0\u1edbc \t\tkia l\u00e0 c\u1eeda s\u00f4ng th\u00ec nay b\u1ecb d\u1ea7n d\u1ea7n l\u1ea5p \u0111\u1ea7y, tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh ch\u00e2u th\u1ed5 v\u00e0 d\u1ecbch \t\tchuy\u1ec3n nhanh k\u1ec3 t\u1eeb khi m\u1ef1c n\u01b0\u1edbc bi\u1ec3n r\u00fat xu\u1ed1ng sau th\u1eddi \u0111i\u1ec3m kho\u1ea3ng \t\t6.000 n\u0103m BP.\u201d
\n\u201c\u2026 Giai \u0111o\u1ea1n aluvi b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u t\u1eeb cu\u1ed1i Holocen gi\u1eefa (kho\u1ea3ng 3850 BP)[5], khi \t\t\u0111\u1ed3ng b\u1eb1ng ch\u00e2u th\u1ed5 \u0111\u00e3 h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh v\u00e0 tr\u1ea3i d\u00e0i ra bi\u1ec3n. Khi \u0111\u1ed3ng b\u1eb1ng ch\u00e2u \t\tth\u1ed5 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n ra ph\u00eda bi\u1ec3n th\u00ec n\u00f3 \u0111\u1ec3 l\u1ea1i \u0111\u1eb1ng sau m\u1ed9t b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t b\u1eb1ng ph\u1eb3ng, \t\tr\u1ed9ng l\u1edbn, t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ed1i th\u1ea5p.\u201d
\n\u201c\u2026 Trong \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n \u0111\u00f3, ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c s\u00f4ng \u0111\u00e3 t\u1ea1o n\u00ean t\u1ea7ng tr\u1ea7m t\u00edch \t\taluvi, ph\u1ee7 l\u00ean tr\u00ean c\u00e1c th\u00e0nh t\u1ea1o ch\u00e2u th\u1ed5 tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00f3. Qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh n\u00e0y k\u00e9o \t\td\u00e0i cho t\u1edbi ng\u00e0y nay.
\nTrong c\u00e1c k\u00ec l\u0169 l\u1ee5t, b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t \u0111\u1ed3ng b\u1eb1ng ch\u00e2u th\u1ed5 b\u1ecb ng\u1eadp ch\u00ecm trong n\u01b0\u1edbc \t\tl\u0169. N\u01b0\u1edbc ch\u1ea3y tr\u00e0n tr\u00ean b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t ch\u00e2u th\u1ed5 \u0111\u1ec3 l\u1ea1i c\u00e1c l\u1edbp tr\u1ea7m t\u00edch h\u1ea1t m\u1ecbn \t\tg\u1ed3m ch\u1ee7 y\u1ebfu l\u00e0 s\u00e9t, s\u00e9t b\u1ed9t. H\u00e0ng n\u0103m c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 xen k\u1ebd gi\u1eefa m\u00f9a kh\u00f4 v\u00e0 m\u00f9a \t\tm\u01b0a. V\u00e0o m\u00f9a kh\u00f4 \u0111\u1ed3ng b\u1eb1ng ch\u00e2u th\u1ed5 b\u1ecb ph\u01a1i ra, c\u00f2n v\u00e0o m\u00f9a m\u01b0a th\u00ec b\u1ecb \t\tng\u1eadp n\u01b0\u1edbc. Qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh ng\u1eadp n\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u1ecbnh k\u00ec nh\u01b0 v\u1eady \u0111\u00e3 ph\u1ee7 l\u00ean b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t ch\u00e2u \t\tth\u1ed5 m\u1ed9t l\u1edbp tr\u1ea7m t\u00edch h\u1ea1t m\u1ecbn v\u1edbi chi\u1ec1u d\u00e0y thay \u0111\u1ed5i t\u1eeb 0,5 \u0111\u1ebfn 2-3 m.\u201d
\nT\u00f3m l\u1ea1i: bi\u1ec3n ti\u1ebfn Flan\u0111ri b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u t\u1eeb kho\u1ea3ng n\u0103m 9000BP, \u0111\u1ea1t m\u1ee9c c\u1ef1c \u0111\u1ea1i \t\t– cao h\u01a1n m\u1ef1c n\u01b0\u1edbc hi\u1ec7n nay 5m – v\u00e0o kho\u1ea3ng 6000BP, \u0111\u00e3 l\u00e0m ch\u00ecm ng\u1eadp \t\tto\u00e0n b\u1ed9 khu v\u1ef1c \u0111\u1ed3ng b\u1eb1ng B\u1eafc b\u1ed9 c\u1ed5, sau \u0111\u00f3 bi\u1ec3n tho\u00e1i t\u1edbi ng\u00e0y ngay, \t\t\u0111\u1ed3ng b\u1eb1ng c\u0169 hi\u1ec7n ra \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7 v\u00e0o kho\u1ea3ng 4000 BP, \u0111\u1ec1 ngh\u1ecb ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ecdc ghi \t\tnh\u1edb c\u00e1c con s\u1ed1 quan tr\u1ecdng n\u00e0y v\u00ec s\u1ebd nh\u1eafc t\u1edbi \u1edf d\u01b0\u1edbi.<\/span><\/p>\n

II. \u00dd ki\u1ebfn th\u1ee9 nh\u1ea5t: M\u00f4 t\u00edp truy\u1ec1n thuy\u1ebft v\u1ec1 \u0110\u1ea1i \t\th\u1ed3ng th\u1ee7y c\u1ee7a nhi\u1ec1u d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 ph\u1ea3n \u00e1nh c\u1ee7a s\u1ef1 ki\u1ec7n bi\u1ec3n ti\u1ebfn \t\tFlan\u0111ri.<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

C\u0103n c\u1ee9 t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u [1] n\u00f3i tr\u00ean th\u00ec c\u1ef1c \u0111\u1ea1i c\u1ee7a bi\u1ec3n \t\tti\u1ebfn Flan\u0111ri v\u00e0o kho\u1ea3ng n\u0103m 6000 BP, c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 th\u00f4ng tin tr\u00ean m\u1ea1ng khi \t\tl\u00fd gi\u1ea3i v\u1ec1 n\u1ea1n H\u1ed3ng th\u1ee7y trong Kinh Th\u00e1nh c\u0169ng \u0111\u01b0a ra con s\u1ed1 kh\u00e1 g\u1ea7n, \t\tr\u1eb1ng c\u00f3 s\u00e1ch n\u00eau ra \u0110\u1ea1i h\u1ed3ng th\u1ee7y l\u00e0 v\u00e0o kho\u1ea3ng 7000BP v\u00e0 v\u1edbi sai s\u1ed1 \t\tl\u1edbn. Ch\u00fang t\u00f4i cho r\u1eb1ng \u0110\u1ea1i h\u1ed3ng th\u1ee7y ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 l\u00fac bi\u1ec3n ti\u1ebfn Flan\u0111ri \t\ttr\u00e0n t\u1edbi v\u00f9ng c\u01b0 tr\u00fa c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n s\u1edbm \u1edf c\u00e1c v\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng \t\tb\u1eb1ng g\u1ea7n bi\u1ec3n, \u0111\u1ea9y h\u1ecd ph\u1ea3i ch\u1ea1y l\u00ean nh\u1eefng v\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ea5t cao h\u01a1n, hay di c\u01b0 \t\tb\u1eb1ng thuy\u1ec1n sang m\u1ed9t v\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ea5t m\u1edbi. Theo h\u00ecnh dung c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang t\u00f4i, khi \u0111\u00f3 \t\tnh\u1eefng v\u00f9ng b\u00ecnh nguy\u00ean, b\u00e3i c\u00e1t hay \u0111\u1ed3ng c\u1ecf c\u0169 s\u1ebd bi\u1ebfn th\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ea7m n\u01b0\u1edbc \t\tm\u1eb7n kh\u00e1 n\u00f4ng (c\u00f3 ch\u1ed7 ch\u1ec9 x\u0103m x\u1eafp m\u1eaft c\u00e1 ho\u1eb7c \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ea7u g\u1ed1i) nh\u01b0ng r\u1ed9ng l\u1edbn \t\tm\u00eanh m\u00f4ng h\u00e0ng ch\u1ee5c hay h\u00e0ng tr\u0103m km, \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u00e2y n\u1ed5i l\u00ean nh\u1eefng g\u00f2 cao, r\u1eebng \t\tc\u00e2y ng\u1eadp m\u1eb7n hay nh\u1eefng khu nh\u00e0 c\u0169 c\u1ee7a con ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00e3 b\u1ecf l\u1ea1i. \u0110\u00f3 c\u0169ng ch\u00ednh \t\tl\u00e0 h\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh \u0111\u1ed3ng b\u1eb1ng B\u1eafc b\u1ed9 tr\u1ea3i qua cho \u0111\u1ebfn th\u1eddi \u0111i\u1ec3m bi\u1ec3n ti\u1ebfn \t\tFlan\u0111ri \u0111\u1ea1t c\u1ef1c \u0111\u1ea1i (6000 BP).
\nV\u1edbi m\u1ee9c n\u01b0\u1edbc l\u00ean l\u1edbn nh\u1ea5t ch\u1ec9 kho\u1ea3ng 12mm\/n\u0103m, r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng h\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh \u0110\u1ea1i h\u1ed3ng \t\tth\u1ee7y kh\u1eafc v\u00e0o t\u00e2m kh\u1ea3m con ng\u01b0\u1eddi thu\u1edf x\u01b0a ch\u1ee7 y\u1ebfu l\u00e0 do s\u1ef1 r\u1ed9ng l\u1edbn m\u00eang \t\tm\u00f4ng m\u00f4 t\u1ea3 \u1edf tr\u00ean v\u00e0 c\u00e1i th\u1ebf n\u01b0\u1edbc l\u00ean l\u1eebng l\u1eefng kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 c\u01b0\u1ee1ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c, \t\tch\u1ee9 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i do \u0111\u1ed9 s\u00e2u, t\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 n\u01b0\u1edbc l\u00ean hay c\u1ea3nh t\u01b0\u1ee3ng ch\u1ea1y l\u1ee5t n\u00e1o \t\tlo\u1ea1n c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng \u0111\u1ee3t l\u1ee5t do m\u01b0a th\u00f4ng th\u01b0\u1eddng. N\u00ean \u0111\u1ec3 \u00fd th\u00eam l\u00e0 v\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ea5t \t\tc\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi Do Th\u00e1i (Ixraen), \u0111\u1ea5t c\u1ed9i ngu\u1ed3n c\u1ee7a Kinh Th\u00e1nh, v\u1ed1n \u00edt m\u01b0a, \t\tn\u00ean h\u1ed3ng th\u1ee7y ch\u1eafc kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 l\u1ee5t do m\u01b0a. N\u1ebfu H\u1ed3ng th\u1ee7y l\u00e0 l\u1ee5t do m\u1ed9t \t\t\u0111\u1ee3t m\u01b0a l\u1edbn c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ch\u1ec9 v\u00e0i ng\u00e0y v\u00e0o m\u00f9a m\u01b0a, nh\u01b0 th\u01b0\u1eddng th\u1ea5y \u1edf n\u01b0\u1edbc ta, \t\tth\u00ec l\u00e0m sao N\u00f4\u00ea k\u1ecbp \u0111\u00f3ng m\u1ed9t con thuy\u1ec1n l\u1edbn nh\u01b0 trong Kinh th\u00e1nh n\u00f3i ? \t\tM\u1ed9t b\u1eb1ng ch\u1ee9ng khoa h\u1ecdc kh\u00e1c cho nh\u1eadn \u0111\u1ecbnh n\u00e0y ch\u00fang t\u00f4i t\u00ecnh c\u1edd ph\u00e1t \t\thi\u1ec7n ra \u1edf cu\u1ed1n T\u1eeb \u0111i\u1ec3n Ch\u0103m Vi\u1ec7t [6] trong \u0111\u00f3 ghi r\u00f5 \u201cH\u1ed3ng th\u1ee7y\u201d trong \t\tti\u1ebfng Ch\u0103m ngh\u0129a \u0111en l\u00e0 \u201cn\u01b0\u1edbc bi\u1ec3n s\u00f4i\u201d (xem \u1ea3nh ch\u1ee5p m\u1ee5c t\u1eeb \u0111\u00f3 d\u01b0\u1edbi \t\t\u0111\u00e2y).
\nH\u00ecnh 1: M\u1ee5c t\u1eeb \u201ch\u1ed3ng th\u1ee7y (n\u01b0\u1edbc bi\u1ec3n s\u00f4i)\u201d ch\u1ee5p l\u1ea1i t\u1eeb cu\u1ed1n t\u1eeb \u0111i\u1ec3n \t\tCh\u0103m-Vi\u1ec7t.
\n\"H\u00ecnh
\n\u0110\u1ea1i Vi\u1ec7t s\u1eed k\u00fd ti\u1ec1n bi\u00ean c\u1ee7a Ng\u00f4 Th\u00ec S\u0129 [7] c\u0169ng c\u00f3 c\u00e2u \u201cN\u01b0\u1edbc l\u1ee5t th\u1eddi \t\tvua Nghi\u00eau ch\u01b0a r\u00fat, v\u1ea1c th\u1eddi vua V\u0169 ch\u01b0a \u0111\u00fac, m\u00eanh mang bi\u1ec3n qu\u1ebf…\u201d, \t\tt\u1eeb Nghi\u00eau qua Thu\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ebfn khi V\u0169 tr\u1ecb th\u1ee7y l\u00e0 2-3 tr\u0103m n\u0103m v\u1eady kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 l\u00e0 \t\tki\u1ec3u l\u1ee5t ng\u1eafn h\u1ea1n do m\u01b0a.
\n6000 BP l\u00e0 kho\u1ea3ng cu\u1ed1i \u0111\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ed3 \u0111\u00e1 [8] c\u0169ng l\u00e0 kho\u1ea3ng th\u1eddi gian ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p \u0111\u1ee7 \t\t\u0111\u1ec3 m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c c\u1ed5 \u0111\u1ea1i \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u01b0 l\u00e2u d\u00e0i h\u00e0ng tr\u0103m hay h\u00e0ng ng\u00e0n n\u0103m, \t\tkhi\u1ebfn h\u1ecd ph\u1ea3i l\u01b0u luy\u1ebfn khi ph\u1ea3i r\u1eddi b\u1ecf mi\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ea5t c\u0169. Ch\u1ee9 n\u1ebfu c\u1ef1c \u0111\u1ea1i c\u1ee7a \t\tbi\u1ec3n ti\u1ebfn Flan\u0111ri s\u1edbm l\u00ean tr\u01b0\u1edbc 8000 BP th\u00ec nhi\u1ec1u d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c c\u00f2n ch\u01b0a \u0111\u1ecbnh \t\tc\u01b0, v\u1eabn gi\u1eef cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng du canh – du c\u01b0, hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng thi\u00ean nhi\u00ean n\u00e0y s\u1ebd \t\tkh\u00f4ng \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng nhi\u1ec1u \u0111\u1ebfn h\u1ecd, h\u1ecd s\u1ebd kh\u00f4ng l\u01b0u l\u1ea1i trong k\u00ed \u1ee9c. C\u00f2n n\u1ebfu \t\tc\u1ef1c \u0111\u1ea1i bi\u1ec3n ti\u1ebfn tr\u1ec5 l\u1ea1i sau v\u00e0i ng\u00e0n n\u0103m n\u1eefa, kho\u1ea3ng 3000-4000 BP th\u00ec \t\t\u0111\u00e3 g\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ebfn l\u00fac con ng\u01b0\u1eddi s\u00e1ng t\u1ea1o ra ch\u1eef vi\u1ebft c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ghi ch\u00e9p m\u00f4 t\u1ea3 r\u00f5 \t\tr\u00e0ng, kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n l\u00e0 truy\u1ec1n thuy\u1ebft n\u1eefa.<\/span><\/p>\n

III. \u00dd ki\u1ebfn th\u1ee9 hai:<\/strong> S\u1ed1 h\u01a1n 4000 n\u0103m l\u1ecbch s\u1eed c\u1ee7a \t\td\u00e2n t\u1ed9c Vi\u1ec7t Nam l\u00e0 c\u00f3 c\u01a1 s\u1edf khoa h\u1ecdc – \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 l\u00fac \u0111\u1ed3ng b\u1eb1ng B\u1eafc b\u1ed9 v\u1eeba \t\tt\u00e1i xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n sau bi\u1ec3n ti\u1ebfn Flan\u0111ri, v\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi Vi\u1ec7t tr\u00e0n xu\u1ed1ng khai th\u00e1c.<\/span><\/p>\n

Nh\u01b0 ph\u1ea7n I \u0111\u00e3 kh\u1eb3ng \u0111\u1ecbnh, khi bi\u1ec3n tho\u00e1i Flan\u0111ri, \t\tc\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed3ng b\u1eb1ng ch\u00e2u th\u1ed5 tr\u00ean th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi \u0111\u00e3 xu\u1ea5t l\u1ed9 tr\u1edf l\u1ea1i v\u00e0 tr\u1ea3i d\u00e0i ra \t\tbi\u1ec3n t\u1eeb cu\u1ed1i Holocen gi\u1eefa, ri\u00eang \u0111\u1ed3ng b\u1eb1ng B\u1eafc b\u1ed9 xu\u1ea5t l\u1ed9 ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n \t\tkho\u1ea3ng n\u0103m 4000BP. \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 con s\u1ed1 c\u1ef1c k\u00ec quan tr\u1ecdng, kh\u00e1 ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi \t\ttruy\u1ec1n thuy\u1ebft L\u1ea1c Long Qu\u00e2n – H\u00f9ng V\u01b0\u01a1ng: 4000BP t\u1ee9c l\u00e0 kho\u1ea3ng 4000 n\u0103m \t\ttr\u01b0\u1edbc, v\u00e0 l\u00e0 600 n\u0103m sau l\u00fac L\u1ea1c Long Qu\u00e2n d\u1eabn 50 ng\u01b0\u1eddi con xu\u1ed1ng bi\u1ec3n. \t\t\u201cXu\u1ed1ng bi\u1ec3n\u201d \u0111\u1ec3 l\u00e0m g\u00ec n\u1ebfu kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u1ec3 khai th\u00e1c v\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng b\u1eb1ng m\u00eang \t\tm\u00f4ng v\u1eeba th\u1ea5p tho\u00e1ng xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n tr\u1edf l\u1ea1i sau \u0111\u1ee3t \u201c\u0110\u1ea1i h\u1ed3ng th\u1ee7y\u201d d\u00e0i h\u00e0ng \t\tng\u00e0n n\u0103m ? Xem m\u1ee5c IV \u1edf d\u01b0\u1edbi \u0111\u00e2y \u0111\u00e3 t\u00ednh th\u00ec th\u1eddi H\u00f9ng V\u01b0\u01a1ng b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u \t\tkho\u1ea3ng 4600BP, t\u1ee9c l\u00e0 tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi \u0111\u1ed3ng b\u1eb1ng B\u1eafc B\u1ed9 xu\u1ea5t l\u1ed9 ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n 600 \t\tn\u0103m, nh\u01b0ng khi \u0111\u00f3 c\u00e1c v\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ea5t cao c\u00f3 l\u1ebd \u0111\u00e3 l\u1ed9 ra ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n, ch\u1ec9 b\u1ecb ng\u1eadp \t\tv\u00e0o m\u00f9a l\u1ee5t hay khi th\u1ee7y tri\u1ec1u l\u00ean. Th\u1eadt v\u1eady, t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u \u0111\u1ecba ch\u1ea5t cho bi\u1ebft \t\tv\u00f9ng trung t\u00e2m ch\u00e2u th\u1ed5 B\u1eafc B\u1ed9, \u1edf kho\u1ea3ng ph\u00eda nam H\u1ea3i D\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ecba th\u1ebf \t\ttrung b\u00ecnh cao h\u01a1n v\u00f9ng xung quanh kho\u1ea3ng h\u01a1n 1 m\u00e9t, v\u1eady ph\u1ea3i nh\u00f4 l\u00ean \t\tkh\u1ecfi m\u1ef1c n\u01b0\u1edbc bi\u1ec3n tr\u01b0\u1edbc v\u00f9ng H\u00e0 N\u1ed9i, m\u1eb7c d\u00f9 \u1edf g\u1ea7n bi\u1ec3n h\u01a1n H\u00e0 N\u1ed9i ! T\u1eeb \t\tPhong Ch\u00e2u ra v\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ea5t cao n\u00e0y s\u1ebd ph\u1ea3i v\u01b0\u1ee3t h\u00e0ng ch\u1ee5c km v\u0169ng bi\u1ec3n n\u00f4ng \t\thay \u0111\u1ea7m l\u1ea7y n\u01b0\u1edbc m\u1eb7n, d\u00f9ng t\u1eeb \u201cxu\u1ed1ng bi\u1ec3n\u201d l\u00e0 ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n \u0111\u00fang. Con s\u1ed1 600 \t\tn\u0103m \u0111\u00f3 c\u0169ng ph\u1ea3n \u00e1nh qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh l\u1ea5n bi\u1ec3n v\u00e0 tr\u1ecb th\u1ee7y l\u00e2u d\u00e0i v\u00e0 gian kh\u1ed5 \t\tc\u1ee7a t\u1ed5 ti\u00ean ch\u00fang ta, kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i c\u00e1c ng\u00e0i ch\u1edd cho \u0111\u1ed3ng b\u1eb1ng l\u1ed9 ra h\u1ebft \t\tr\u1ed3i m\u1edbi xu\u1ed1ng khai th\u00e1c !
\nNh\u00e2n ti\u1ec7n n\u00f3i th\u00eam h\u01a1n 4000 n\u0103m c\u0169ng l\u00e0 tu\u1ed5i c\u1ee7a n\u1ec1n v\u0103n minh Aic\u1eadp, \t\tkh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 g\u00ec l\u1ea1 c\u1ea3 v\u00ec c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ed3ng b\u1eb1ng s\u00f4ng Nil c\u1ee7a Aic\u1eadp c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ed9 cao g\u1ea7n \t\tnh\u01b0 \u0111\u1ed3ng b\u1eb1ng B\u1eafc B\u1ed9 n\u00ean \u0111\u00e3 xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n tr\u1edf l\u1ea1i khi bi\u1ec3n tho\u00e1i Flan\u0111ri \t\tgi\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 \u0111\u1ed3ng b\u1eb1ng B\u1eafc B\u1ed9, qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh khai th\u00e1c di\u1ec5n ra c\u00f9ng l\u00fac, th\u1ebf \t\tth\u00f4i. Th\u1eddi \u0111\u1ea1i vua Thu\u1ea5n sai vua V\u0169 tr\u1ecb th\u1ee7y trong c\u1ed5 s\u1eed Trung Qu\u1ed1c l\u00e0 \t\tkho\u1ea3ng 4200 BP c\u0169ng kh\u1edbp v\u1edbi \u0111\u1ea7u th\u1eddi H\u00f9ng V\u01b0\u01a1ng, c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00fac \u0111\u00f3 v\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng \t\tb\u1eb1ng s\u00f4ng Ho\u00e0ng H\u00e0 c\u0169ng v\u1eeba ph\u00e1t l\u1ed9 tr\u1edf l\u1ea1i [9]. T\u00e0i li\u1ec7u [1] cho bi\u1ebft \t\tkh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i n\u01b0\u1edbc bi\u1ec3n r\u00fat \u0111\u1ec1u, m\u00e0 c\u00f3 l\u00fac l\u00ean l\u1ea1i, d\u1ea1ng dao \u0111\u1ed9ng h\u00ecnh sin \t\tt\u1eaft d\u1ea7n, c\u00f4ng cu\u1ed9c tr\u1ecb th\u1ee7y c\u1ee7a vua V\u0169 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0 \u0111\u1eafp \u0111\u00ea ng\u0103n m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ee3t \t\tn\u01b0\u1edbc l\u00ean l\u1ea1i \u0111\u00f3 ch\u0103ng?
\nC\u00f3 l\u1ebd c\u0169ng ch\u1eb3ng c\u1ea7n gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch th\u00eam v\u00ec sao c\u00f4ng cu\u1ed9c khai ph\u00e1 v\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng \t\tb\u1eb1ng B\u1eafc B\u1ed9 l\u1ea1i d\u1eabn t\u1edbi h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh nh\u00e0 n\u01b0\u1edbc V\u0103n Lang \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi \t\tVi\u1ec7t kho\u1ea3ng 4600 n\u0103m tr\u01b0\u1edbc, b\u1edfi \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 ki\u1ec7n quan tr\u1ecdng trong l\u1ecbch s\u1eed \t\tph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n c\u1ee7a d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c Vi\u1ec7t Nam, c\u1ea7n c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 \u0111o\u00e0n k\u1ebft, c\u00f3 t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c ch\u1eb7t \t\tch\u1ebd, v\u00e0 c\u1ea7n t\u1edbi nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi th\u1ee7 l\u0129nh gan d\u1ea1, m\u1ea1nh m\u1ebd v\u00e0 quy\u1ebft \u0111o\u00e1n, \u0111\u00f3 \t\tl\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n v\u00e0 c\u0169ng l\u00e0 ti\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ec1 \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1ed5 ti\u00ean ch\u00fang ta v\u1ee9t b\u1ecf h\u00ecnh th\u1ee9c t\u1ed5 \t\tch\u1ee9c b\u1ed9 l\u1ea1c nh\u1ecf b\u00e9, ti\u1ebfn l\u00ean h\u00ecnh th\u1ee9c cao h\u01a1n, t\u1ee9c l\u00e0 h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh Nh\u00e0 \t\tn\u01b0\u1edbc Li\u00ean minh B\u1ed9 l\u1ea1c, v\u1edbi m\u1ed9t v\u1ecb vua c\u00f3 quy\u1ec1n l\u1ef1c l\u1edbn.
\nV\u1ee9t b\u1ecf nh\u1eefng ph\u1ea7n hoang \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng, ch\u1ec9 v\u1eadn d\u1ee5ng suy lu\u1eadn l\u00f4g\u00edc v\u00e0 thu\u1ea7n t\u00fay \t\tkhoa h\u1ecdc, th\u00ec Truy\u1ec1n thuy\u1ebft \u201cM\u1ed9t b\u1ecdc tr\u0103m tr\u1ee9ng sinh tr\u0103m con\u201d c\u00f3 l\u1ebd \t\tch\u00ednh l\u00e0 ph\u1ea3n \u00e1nh m\u1ed9t s\u1ef1 ki\u1ec7n l\u1ecbch s\u1eed c\u00f3 th\u1ef1c, \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 vi\u1ec7c c\u00e1c b\u1ed9 l\u1ea1c l\u00e0m \t\tl\u1ec5 \u0103n th\u1ec1, nguy\u1ec7n coi nhau nh\u01b0 anh em c\u00f9ng sinh t\u1eeb m\u1ed9t b\u1ecdc m\u1eb9, v\u00e0 t\u00f4n 1 \t\tng\u01b0\u1eddi con L\u1ea1c Long Qu\u00e2n l\u00ean l\u00e0m vua H\u00f9ng. Truy\u1ec1n thuy\u1ebft n\u00e0y c\u00f2n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \t\tdo \u00c2u C\u01a1-L\u1ea1c Long Qu\u00e2n kh\u00e1 \u0111\u00f4ng con (c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ebfn h\u00e0ng ch\u1ee5c, v\u00ed d\u1ee5 nh\u01b0 v\u1ee3 \t\tch\u1ed3ng \u00f4ng c\u1eadu ru\u1ed9t c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi vi\u1ebft b\u00e0i n\u00e0y c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ebfn 15 con !), \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 l\u1ef1c \t\tl\u01b0\u1ee3ng ch\u00ednh c\u1ee7a l\u1ec5 h\u1ed9i th\u1ec1, s\u1ed1 c\u00f2n l\u1ea1i c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 c\u0169ng l\u00e0 h\u1ecd h\u00e0ng huy\u1ebft \t\tth\u1ed1ng g\u1ea7n, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e2n l\u00e0m th\u1ee7 l\u0129nh c\u00e1c b\u1ed9 l\u1ea1c…
\nT\u1ed5 ti\u00ean ch\u00fang ta \u0111\u00e3 r\u1ea5t ch\u00e2n th\u1ef1c khi l\u01b0u truy\u1ec1n l\u1ea1i cho con ch\u00e1u con s\u1ed1 \t\th\u01a1n 4000 n\u0103m, \u0111\u00e2u c\u00f3 n\u00f3i kh\u1ed1ng n\u00ean nh\u1eefng con s\u1ed1 nh\u01b0 6000 hay 7000 n\u0103m \t\tcho \u201cngang vai\u201d v\u1edbi ng\u01b0\u1eddi TQ, m\u00e0 c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng n\u00f3i th\u1ea5p \u0111i. V\u1eady m\u00e0 tr\u00ean \t\tm\u1ea1ng Internet th\u1ea5y nhi\u1ec1u b\u1ea1n tr\u1ebb h\u1ecdc \u0111\u00f2i ki\u1ec3u l\u1eadp lu\u1eadn khoa h\u1ecdc ch\u00ednh \t\tx\u00e1c c\u1ee7a ph\u01b0\u01a1ng T\u00e2y kh\u1eb3ng \u0111\u1ecbnh th\u1eddi H\u00f9ng V\u01b0\u01a1ng c\u00f3 18 \u0111\u1eddi m\u00e0 d\u00e0i h\u01a1n 2.000 \t\tn\u0103m l\u00e0 chuy\u1ec7n b\u1ed1 l\u00e1o. C\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 tr\u00e1ch h\u1ecd v\u00ec ngay trong cu\u1ed1n T\u1eeb \u0111i\u1ec3n \t\tVi\u1ec7t-H\u00e1n, xu\u1ea5t b\u1ea3n n\u0103m 1960 [10], c\u00e1c h\u1ecdc gi\u1ea3 \u0111\u00e1ng k\u00ednh nh\u01b0 \u0110inh Gia \t\tKh\u00e1nh, Tr\u1ea7n V\u0103n T\u1ea5n c\u0169ng ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn \u0111\u1ec3 nh\u00f3m bi\u00ean t\u1eadp ng\u01b0\u1eddi TQ ghi r\u1eb1ng \t\tnh\u00e0 n\u01b0\u1edbc V\u0103n Lang c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c vua H\u00f9ng l\u00e0 kho\u1ea3ng th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 8 tr\u01b0\u1edbc CN \u0111\u1ebfn n\u0103m \t\t208 tr\u01b0\u1edbc CN. N\u1ebfu c\u1ee9 ghi h\u1eb3n ra l\u00e0 26 th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 tr\u01b0\u1edbc CN, th\u00ec v\u1eabn l\u00e0 n\u00f3i c\u00f3 \t\ts\u00e1ch, theo c\u00e1c s\u00e1ch ch\u00ednh s\u1eed c\u1ee7a ta nh\u01b0 \u0110\u1ea1i Vi\u1ec7t s\u1eed k\u00fd to\u00e0n th\u01b0 \u0111\u00e3 ghi \t\tl\u1ea1i, ch\u1ee9 c\u00f2n con s\u1ed1 th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 8 Tr. CN th\u00ec m\u1edbi th\u1eadt s\u1ef1 l\u00e0 gi\u1ea3 t\u1ea1o, ch\u1eb3ng \t\tth\u1ea5y s\u00e1ch v\u1edf g\u00ec d\u1eabn ch\u1ee9ng c\u1ea3.
\nCon s\u1ed1 h\u01a1n 4000 n\u0103m l\u1ecbch s\u1eed c\u00f3 l\u1ebd \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u1eafc t\u1edbi t\u1eeb h\u00e0ng tr\u0103m n\u0103m \t\ttr\u01b0\u1edbc, c\u00f2n hi\u1ec7n t\u1ea1i \u0111\u00e3 c\u00e1ch xa kho\u1ea3ng 4600 n\u0103m, ng\u01b0\u1eddi vi\u1ebft \u0111\u1ec1 ngh\u1ecb t\u1eeb \t\tnay ch\u00fang ta n\u00ean d\u00f9ng th\u00e0nh ng\u1eef \u201cg\u1ea7n n\u0103m ng\u00e0n n\u0103m l\u1ecbch s\u1eed\u201d, \u0111\u1ec3 m\u1ea5y nh\u00e0 \t\t\u201ckhoa h\u1ecdc ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c\u201d ki\u1ec3u ph\u01b0\u01a1ng T\u00e2y kh\u1ecfi th\u1eafc m\u1eafc v\u00ec sao c\u1ee9 \u201cb\u1ed1n ngh\u00ecn \t\tn\u0103m\u201d m\u00e3i th\u1ebf.<\/span><\/p>\n

IV. V\u1ec1 v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 m\u00e2u thu\u1eabn: 18 \u0111\u1eddi vua H\u00f9ng d\u00e0i \u0111\u1ebfn \t\th\u01a1n 2000 n\u0103m.<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

Gi\u1edf l\u1ea1i ch\u00ednh s\u1eed nh\u01b0 \u0110\u1ea1i Vi\u1ec7t s\u1eed k\u00fd ti\u1ec1n bi\u00ean \t\t[11] , th\u00ec th\u1ea5y t\u00ednh th\u1eddi \u0111\u1ea1i H\u1ed3ng B\u00e0ng -H\u00f9ng V\u01b0\u01a1ng l\u00e0 t\u1eeb n\u0103m 2879 BC \t\t\u201cT\u1eeb n\u0103m Nh\u00e2m Tu\u1ea5t (ngang \u0111\u1eddi \u0110\u1ebf Minh) k\u1ebft th\u00fac n\u0103m Qu\u00fd M\u00e3o (th\u1eddi Chu \t\tNo\u00e3n V\u01b0\u01a1ng) g\u1ed3m 2622 n\u0103m\u201d. An D\u01b0\u01a1ng V\u01b0\u01a1ng d\u1ee9t \u0111\u1eddi H\u00f9ng V\u01b0\u01a1ng v\u00e0o n\u0103m 258 \t\tBC (258=2879-2622+1) [12]. N\u1ebfu t\u00ednh t\u1eeb n\u0103m nay[13] l\u00e0 2008, th\u00ec \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 \t\t2008+2879= 4887 n\u0103m, t\u1ee9c l\u00e0 l\u1ecbch s\u1eed n\u01b0\u1edbc ta c\u00f3 g\u1ea7n 5 ng\u00e0n n\u0103m r\u1ed3i ch\u1ee9 \t\tkh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i ch\u1ec9 h\u01a1n 4 ng\u00e0n n\u0103m \u0111\u00e2u !
\n\u0110\u1ea1i Nam Qu\u1ed1c s\u1eed di\u1ec5n ca [14] c\u0169ng ghi t\u1eeb Kinh D\u01b0\u01a1ng V\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ebfn h\u1ebft H\u00f9ng \t\tV\u01b0\u01a1ng l\u00e0 20 \u0111\u1eddi, c\u1ed9ng 2622 n\u0103m, (trung b\u00ecnh m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1eddi l\u00e0 131 n\u0103m !?), 20 \t\t\u0111\u1eddi l\u00e0 t\u00ednh 18 \u0111\u1eddi H\u00f9ng V\u01b0\u01a1ng, c\u1ed9ng th\u00eam 2 \u0111\u1eddi Kinh D\u01b0\u01a1ng V\u01b0\u01a1ng v\u00e0 L\u1ea1c \t\tLong Qu\u00e2n, n\u1ebfu cho r\u1eb1ng \u0111\u1eddi Kinh D\u01b0\u01a1ng V\u01b0\u01a1ng v\u00e0 L\u1ea1c Long Qu\u00e2n c\u00f2n \u1edf \u0111\u1ea5t \t\tTQ n\u00ean kh\u00f4ng t\u00ednh th\u00ec b\u1edbt \u0111i 2\/20 c\u1ee7a 2622 c\u00f2n 2360 n\u0103m, v\u1eabn h\u01a1n 2000 \t\tn\u0103m nhi\u1ec1u. Ch\u00fang ta h\u00e3y th\u1eed l\u00fd gi\u1ea3i nh\u1eefng con s\u1ed1 r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng l\u00e0 v\u00f4 l\u00fd: 18 \t\t\u0111\u1eddi vua H\u00f9ng k\u00e9o d\u00e0i kho\u1ea3ng 2360 n\u0103m, b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u kho\u1ea3ng 2618 BC, m\u1ed9t vua \u1edf \t\tng\u00f4i b\u00ecnh qu\u00e2n \u0111\u1ebfn 131 n\u0103m, v\u00f4 l\u00fd \u0111\u1ebfn th\u1ebf m\u00e0 t\u1ed5 ti\u00ean ch\u00fang ta v\u1eabn c\u1ee9 \t\tkh\u0103ng kh\u0103ng l\u01b0u truy\u1ec1n l\u1ea1i ? Ch\u1eafc ch\u1eafn ph\u1ea3i c\u00f3 u\u1ea9n kh\u00fac g\u00ec \u0111\u00e2y ?
\nH\u00ecnh 2:
\n\"H\u00ecnh
\n\u1ea2nh ch\u1ee5p b\u1ea3n N\u00f4m \u201c\u0110\u1ea1i Nam Qu\u1ed1c s\u1eed di\u1ec5n ca\u201d, T\u1ef1 \u0110\u1ee9c tam th\u1eadp t\u1ee9 ni\u00ean – \t\t1871, ph\u1ea7n ch\u00fa gi\u1ea3i ch\u1eef H\u00e1n l\u1ea5y t\u1eeb ch\u00ednh s\u1eed.
\nPhi\u00ean: H\u1ed3ng B\u00e0ng th\u1ecb k\u1ec9. Kinh D\u01b0\u01a1ng V\u01b0\u01a1ng. Vi\u00eam \u0110\u1ebf Th\u1ea7n N\u00f4ng chi h\u1eadu, \u0110\u1ebf \t\tMinh chi t\u1eed d\u00e3. S\u01a1 Vi\u00eam \u0110\u1ebf tam th\u1ebf t\u00f4n vi\u1ebft \u0110\u1ebf Minh, nam tu\u1ea7n Ng\u0169 L\u0129nh \t\tti\u1ebfp V\u1ee5 Ti\u00ean n\u1eef nhi sinh t\u1eed vi\u1ebft L\u1ed9c T\u1ee5c, th\u00f4ng minh th\u00e1nh tr\u00ed, \u0110\u1ebf d\u1ee5c \t\ttruy\u1ec1n d\u0129 v\u1ecb, L\u1ed9c T\u1ee5c….\u201d<\/span><\/p>\n

1- L\u1ecbch s\u1eed TQ c\u0169ng ghi th\u1eddi ng\u0169 \u0111\u1ebf: Ho\u00e0ng \u0110\u1ebf, \t\tChuy\u00ean H\u00fac (h\u1ecd Cao D\u01b0\u01a1ng), \u0110\u1ebf Kh\u1ed1c (h\u1ecd Cao T\u00e2n), Nghi\u00eau, Thu\u1ea5n, k\u00e9o d\u00e0i \t\tt\u1eeb kho\u1ea3ng th\u1ebf k\u1ec9 26BC \u0111\u1ebfn TK21BC ho\u1eb7c 22BC t\u1ee9c l\u00e0 ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 5 vua m\u00e0 d\u00e0i \t\t\u0111\u1ebfn g\u1ea7n 5 th\u1ebf k\u1ec9, m\u1ed7i v\u1ecb l\u00e0m vua \u0111\u1ebfn 100 n\u0103m, th\u00ec ph\u1ea3i th\u1ecd \u00edt ra h\u01a1n 100 \t\ttu\u1ed5i ! C\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ng\u01b0\u1eddi Vi\u1ec7t x\u01b0a \u0111\u00e3 t\u00ednh c\u00e1c \u0111\u1eddi vua H\u00f9ng theo c\u00e1ch \u201cth\u00e1nh \t\tnh\u00e2n h\u00f3a\u201d nh\u01b0 TQ, n\u00ean con s\u1ed1 18 \u0111\u1eddi kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a nh\u01b0 ch\u00fang ta hi\u1ec3u \t\tng\u00e0y nay. H\u00e3y ch\u00fa \u00fd chuy\u1ec7n l\u1ea1 l\u00e0 trong 5 \u0111\u1eddi \u0110\u1ebf n\u00f3i tr\u00ean th\u00ec \u0110\u1ebf sau \t\tkh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i con c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ebf tr\u01b0\u1edbc (t\u00edch chuy\u1ec7n vua Nghi\u00eau nh\u01b0\u1eddng ng\u00f4i cho vua \t\tThu\u1ea5n, Thu\u1ea5n truy\u1ec1n cho V\u0169, nhi\u1ec1u ng\u01b0\u1eddi h\u1eb3n bi\u1ebft, m\u00e3i \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111\u1eddi vua V\u0169 m\u1edbi \t\ttruy\u1ec1n ng\u00f4i cho con, c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ch\u1ebf \u0111\u1ed9 ph\u1ee5 h\u1ec7 c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi H\u00e1n \u0111\u1ecbnh h\u00ecnh t\u1eeb khi \t\t\u0111\u00f3 ch\u0103ng ?). Khi m\u00e0 TQ ch\u01b0a l\u00fd gi\u1ea3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00e1ch t\u00ednh s\u1ed1 \u0111\u1eddi k\u00ec l\u1ea1 c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd, \t\tth\u00ec sao ch\u00fang ta l\u1ea1i c\u00f3 quy\u1ec1n nghi ng\u1edd t\u1ed5 ti\u00ean m\u00ecnh ngoa truy\u1ec1n ? Ch\u1ec9 \t\tm\u1ed9t ch\u1ee9ng l\u00fd n\u00e0y c\u0169ng \u0111\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ec3 ch\u00fang ta kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u201cs\u1eeda sai\u201d s\u1eed s\u00e1ch m\u1ed9t \t\tc\u00e1ch b\u1eeba b\u00e3i, khi ch\u01b0a hi\u1ec3u l\u00fd do!
\n2- Ngo\u00e0i ra ch\u00fang t\u00f4i xin \u0111\u01b0a ra m\u1ed9t gi\u1ea3 thuy\u1ebft sau: Kh\u00f4ng h\u1ec1 c\u00f3 s\u00e1ch v\u1edf \t\tg\u00ec kh\u1eb3ng \u0111\u1ecbnh ng\u01b0\u1eddi Vi\u1ec7t th\u1eddi H\u00f9ng v\u01b0\u01a1ng theo ch\u1ebf \u0111\u1ed9 ph\u1ee5 h\u1ec7 nh\u01b0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi TQ \t\tc\u1ea3, m\u00e0 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 theo ch\u1ebf \u0111\u1ed9 m\u1eabu h\u1ec7 nh\u01b0ng ph\u1ee5 quy\u1ec1n nh\u01b0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi Ch\u0103m v\u00e0 m\u1ed9t \t\ts\u1ed1 d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c thi\u1ec3u s\u1ed1 T\u00e2y Nguy\u00ean. Ngay trong \u0110\u1ea1i Vi\u1ec7t s\u1eed k\u00fd ti\u1ec1n bi\u00ean [7], \t\tNg\u00f4 Th\u00ec S\u0129 c\u0169ng \u0111\u00e3 ph\u00ea ph\u00e1n m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 s\u1eed \u0111\u1eddi tr\u01b0\u1edbc, coi vi\u1ec7c theo cha l\u00e0 \t\tch\u00ednh th\u1ed1ng n\u00ean \u0111\u00e3 thay \u0111\u1ed5i l\u1eddi v\u0103n \u1edf c\u1ed5 s\u1eed, c\u1ed5 s\u1eed n\u00f3i \u201c\u00c2u c\u01a1 d\u1eaft 50 \t\tng\u01b0\u1eddi con l\u00ean \u1edf Phong S\u01a1n, suy t\u00f4n ng\u01b0\u1eddi con tr\u01b0\u1edfng l\u00e0m vua g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 H\u00f9ng \t\tV\u01b0\u01a1ng\u201d, t\u1ee9c l\u00e0 H\u00f9ng V\u01b0\u01a1ng kh\u00f4ng \u1edf trong s\u1ed1 50 con theo cha xu\u1ed1ng bi\u1ec3n. \t\tCh\u00fa \u00fd ch\u00ednh L\u1ea1c Long Qu\u00e2n t\u00e0i gi\u1ecfi h\u01a1n c\u00e1c \u0111\u1eddi H\u00f9ng V\u01b0\u01a1ng sau th\u00ec l\u1ea1i \t\tkh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00f4n l\u00e0m vua, ph\u1ea3i ch\u0103ng c\u0169ng v\u00ec c\u00e1i g\u1ed1c \u201cngo\u1ea1i t\u1ed9c\u201d khi t\u00ednh \t\ttheo ch\u1ebf \u0111\u1ed9 m\u1eabu h\u1ec7 ? B\u1ecb che m\u1eaft b\u1edfi c\u00e1c gi\u00e1o l\u00fd \u0111\u1ea1o Kh\u1ed5ng, tr\u1ecdng nam \t\tkhinh n\u1eef, th\u00ec l\u00e0m sao c\u00f2n ngh\u0129 r\u1eb1ng chuy\u1ec7n \u201cng\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1eddi\u201d nh\u01b0 sau l\u1ea1i c\u00f3 \t\tth\u1ef1c: C\u00e1c \u0111\u1eddi M\u1ecb N\u01b0\u01a1ng s\u1ebd truy\u1ec1n v\u01b0\u01a1ng mi\u1ec7n cho nhau v\u00e0 H\u00f9ng V\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1eddi \t\tsau c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0 ch\u1ed3ng hay con trai c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t M\u1ecb N\u01b0\u01a1ng n\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u1eddi sau ch\u1ee9 \t\tch\u01b0a ch\u1eafc l\u00e0 con trai c\u1ee7a H\u00f9ng V\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1eddi tr\u01b0\u1edbc ! M\u00e0 m\u1ed9t M\u1ecb N\u01b0\u01a1ng c\u0169ng \t\tkh\u00f4ng b\u1eaft bu\u1ed9c ph\u1ea3i c\u00f3 duy nh\u1ea5t m\u1ed9t ch\u1ed3ng theo l\u1ec5 gi\u00e1o c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng Kh\u1ed5ng, \t\t\u00f4ng M\u1ea1nh. M\u1ecb N\u01b0\u01a1ng (ho\u1eb7c tri\u1ec1u \u0111\u00ecnh) c\u00f3 quy\u1ec1n ch\u1ecdn m\u1ed9t trong s\u1ed1 nhi\u1ec1u \t\tng\u01b0\u1eddi ch\u1ed3ng hay con trai c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ec3 trao cho quy\u1ec1n \u0111i\u1ec1u h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ea5t n\u01b0\u1edbc \u2013 \t\tt\u1ee9c l\u00e0m vua, n\u1ebfu vua ch\u1ebft s\u1edbm th\u00ec c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ch\u1ecdn m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi ch\u1ed3ng hay con \t\ttrai kh\u00e1c thay, nh\u01b0ng \u201cv\u01b0\u01a1ng mi\u1ec7n\u201d (v\u1edbi ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 bi\u1ec3u t\u01b0\u1ee3ng n\u1ed1i d\u00f2ng) \t\tth\u00ec ph\u1ea3i truy\u1ec1n cho m\u1ed9t M\u1ecb N\u01b0\u01a1ng kh\u00e1c ! C\u00f3 l\u1ebd to\u00e0n b\u1ed9 v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 l\u00e0 \u1edf \u0111\u00e2y \t\tch\u0103ng ? h\u00e3y nh\u1edb l\u1ea1i l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi T\u00e2y Nguy\u00ean theo m\u1eabu h\u1ec7 l\u1ea1i c\u00f3 t\u1ee5c \u201cn\u1ed1i d\u00e2y\u201d \t\t(ch\u00fa gi\u1ea3i t\u1ee5c n\u00e0y trong b\u00e0i tr\u00edch gi\u1ea3ng Tr\u01b0\u1eddng ca \u0110am San h\u1ecdc t\u1eeb ph\u1ed5 \t\tth\u00f4ng: ch\u00fa ch\u1ebft th\u00ec ch\u00e1u ph\u1ea3i l\u1ea5y v\u1ee3 ch\u00fa \u0111\u1ec3 \u201cgi\u1eef d\u00f2ng\u201d), n\u1ebfu v\u1eady t\u00ednh \t\tsao cho \u0111\u00fang m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1eddi H\u00f9ng V\u01b0\u01a1ng qu\u1ea3 l\u00e0 r\u1eafc r\u1ed1i.
\nKh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ng\u01b0\u1eddi Vi\u1ec7t c\u1ed5 theo m\u1eabu h\u1ec7 c\u00f2n ph\u1ea3n \u00e1nh r\u00f5 qua 2 s\u1ef1 ki\u1ec7n l\u1ecbch \t\ts\u1eed: hai cu\u1ed9c kh\u1edfi ngh\u0129a \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean ch\u1ed1ng qu\u00e2n \u0111\u00f4 h\u1ed9 TQ \u0111\u1ec1u do ph\u1ee5 n\u1eef l\u00e3nh \t\t\u0111\u1ea1o (Hai B\u00e0 Tr\u01b0ng v\u00e0 B\u00e0 Tri\u1ec7u), v\u00e0 c\u00e1c b\u00e0 \u0111\u1ec1u x\u01b0ng v\u01b0\u01a1ng hay \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00f4n \t\tv\u01b0\u01a1ng, c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ea5ng s\u0129 phu Kh\u1ed5ng h\u1ecdc c\u00f3 d\u00e1m n\u00f3i \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 lo\u1ea1n \u0111\u1ea1o l\u00fd \u0111\u00e2u !<\/span><\/p>\n

V. T\u00ecm hi\u1ec3u th\u00eam:<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

1. V\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 d\u00f2ng d\u00f5i c\u1ee7a H\u00f9ng V\u01b0\u01a1ng (H\u1ed3ng B\u00e0ng th\u1ecb).<\/span><\/strong><\/em><\/p>\n

– Ch\u1eebng n\u00e0o ch\u01b0a c\u00f3 t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u v\u1edbi \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7 ch\u1ee9ng c\u1ee9 \t\tkhoa h\u1ecdc b\u00e1c b\u1ecf, th\u00ec ch\u00fang ta \u0111\u00e0nh ph\u1ea3i theo \u0111\u00fang s\u1eed s\u00e1ch, d\u00f9 t\u00e2m l\u00fd \t\tchung ch\u1eafc nhi\u1ec1u ng\u01b0\u1eddi mu\u1ed1n l\u1edd \u0111i. S\u1eed ta \u0111\u00e3 ghi r\u00f5 L\u1ed9c T\u1ee5c t\u1ee9c Kinh \t\tD\u01b0\u01a1ng V\u01b0\u01a1ng l\u00e0 con c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ebf Minh, \u0110\u1ebf Minh l\u00e0 ch\u00e1u 3 \u0111\u1eddi c\u1ee7a Vi\u00eam \u0110\u1ebf t\u1ee9c \t\tvua Th\u1ea7n N\u00f4ng, Kinh D\u01b0\u01a1ng V\u01b0\u01a1ng l\u1ea5y con g\u00e1i \u0110\u1ed9ng \u0110\u00ecnh H\u1ed3 qu\u00e2n sinh S\u00f9ng \t\tL\u00e3m t\u1ee9c L\u1ea1c Long Qu\u00e2n. L\u1ea1c Long Qu\u00e2n \u201cnam ti\u1ebfn\u201d t\u1edbi v\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng b\u1eb1ng B\u1eafc \t\tb\u1ed9, l\u1ea5y \u00c2u C\u01a1 v\u00e0 sinh ra 100 ng\u01b0\u1eddi con l\u00e0 t\u1ed5 ti\u00ean c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi Vi\u1ec7t Nam \t\thi\u1ec7n nay.
\n– V\u1ee9t b\u1ecf nh\u1eefng ph\u1ea7n hoang \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111i, th\u00ec c\u00f2n l\u1ea1i m\u1ed9t th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf l\u00e0 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 c\u00f3 \t\tm\u1ed9t nh\u00f3m ng\u01b0\u1eddi B\u00e1ch Vi\u1ec7t \u1edf v\u00f9ng h\u1ed3 \u0110\u1ed9ng \u0110\u00ecnh, ph\u00eda nam Tr\u01b0\u1eddng Giang, \t\tl\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o l\u00e0 L\u1ea1c Long Qu\u00e2n, \u0111\u00e3 thi\u00ean di xu\u1ed1ng ph\u00eda Nam, c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 nh\u00f3m n\u00e0y \t\tc\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u00f4ng l\u1eafm, ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng trai tr\u00e1ng m\u1ea1nh kh\u1ecfe m\u1edbi v\u01b0\u1ee3t qua \t\t\u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u00e3y n\u00fai Ng\u0169 L\u0129nh hi\u1ec3m tr\u1edf, h\u1ecd l\u1ea5y ng\u01b0\u1eddi Vi\u1ec7t b\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ecba, c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0 L\u1ea1c \t\tLong Qu\u00e2n l\u1ea5y \u00c2u C\u01a1, v\u00e0 g\u00f3p ph\u1ea7n x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng l\u00ean nh\u00e0 n\u01b0\u1edbc V\u0103n Lang. Nh\u01b0 \t\tph\u1ea7n tr\u00ean \u0111\u00e3 n\u00f3i, n\u1ebfu khi \u0111\u00f3 ng\u01b0\u1eddi Vi\u1ec7t c\u00f2n theo ch\u1ebf \u0111\u1ed9 m\u1eabu h\u1ec7, th\u00ec t\u1eeb \t\tVi\u00eam \u0111\u1ebf t\u1edbi Kinh D\u01b0\u01a1ng V\u01b0\u01a1ng ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 \u201cngo\u1ea1i t\u1ed5\u201d, c\u00f3 l\u1ebd v\u00ec v\u1eady ng\u01b0\u1eddi Vi\u1ec7t \t\tth\u1eddi \u0111\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng th\u1ea5y l\u1ea5n c\u1ea5n g\u00ec khi th\u1eeba nh\u1eadn g\u1ed1c g\u00e1c \u201cb\u00ean ngo\u1ea1i\u201d n\u00e0y…
\n– H\u01a1n n\u1eefa, c\u00f3 l\u00fd do \u0111\u1ec3 tin r\u1eb1ng Th\u1ea7n N\u00f4ng v\u1ed1n g\u1ed1c l\u00e0 d\u00e2n B\u00e1ch Vi\u1ec7t ch\u1ee9 \t\tkh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i g\u1ed1c ng\u01b0\u1eddi H\u00e1n \u1edf l\u01b0u v\u1ef1c Ho\u00e0ng H\u00e0, c\u00e1i t\u00ean Vi\u00eam \u0110\u1ebf (Vi\u00eam l\u00e0 \t\tn\u00f3ng \u1ea5m, t\u1ee9c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng Nam) c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t minh ch\u1ee9ng, v\u00e0 ngh\u1ec1 n\u00f4ng c\u1ee7a Th\u1ea7n \t\tN\u00f4ng ch\u1eafc b\u1eaft ngu\u1ed1n t\u1eeb ph\u01b0\u01a1ng Nam ch\u1ee9 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i ph\u01b0\u01a1ng B\u1eafc, (ch\u1ec9 \u1edf Nam \t\tB\u1ed9 VN m\u1edbi c\u00f3 gi\u1ed1ng l\u00faa tr\u1eddi, kh\u00f4ng gieo m\u00e0 m\u1ecdc). Ch\u00ednh ng\u01b0\u1eddi H\u00e1n c\u0169ng \t\tbi\u1ebft r\u00f5 s\u1ef1 th\u1ef1c l\u1ecbch s\u1eed l\u00e0 h\u1ecd v\u1ed1n ph\u00e1t t\u00edch t\u1eeb l\u01b0u v\u1ef1c Ho\u00e0ng H\u00e0, \u0111\u1ebfn \t\tkho\u1ea3ng \u0111\u1eddi Chu m\u1edbi b\u00e0nh tr\u01b0\u1edbng \u0111\u1ebfn v\u00f9ng nam Tr\u01b0\u1eddng Giang, n\u01a1i \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u01b0 \t\tc\u1ee7a c\u00e1c t\u1ed9c B\u00e1ch Vi\u1ec7t. N\u1ebfu h\u1ecd nh\u1eadn Th\u1ea7n N\u00f4ng l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi ngo\u1ea1i t\u1ed9c l\u00e0m m\u1ed9t \t\ttrong s\u1ed1 Tam ho\u00e0ng \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh th\u00ec c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 g\u00ec ng\u1ea1c nhi\u00ean, \t\tng\u01b0\u1eddi H\u00e1n v\u1ed1n c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng \u0111\u1ed3ng h\u00f3a cao, h\u1ecd v\u1eabn ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn nh\u00e0 Nguy\u00ean v\u1edbi \t\tTh\u00e0nh C\u00e1t T\u01b0 H\u00e3n, c\u00f9ng nh\u00e0 Thanh l\u00e0 c\u00e1c tri\u1ec1u \u0111\u1ea1i ch\u00ednh th\u1ed1ng c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd m\u00e0.<\/span><\/p>\n

2. Tr\u01b0\u1edbc th\u1eddi \u0111\u1ea1i V\u0103n Lang t\u1ed5 ti\u00ean ch\u00fang ta c\u01b0 \t\ttr\u00fa \u1edf \u0111\u00e2u ?<\/span><\/strong><\/em><\/p>\n

H\u00e3y b\u1ecf qua c\u00e1i chi ti\u1ebft \u201ctr\u0103m tr\u1ee9ng\u201d hoang \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng \t\t\u0111i, m\u00e0 x\u00e9t truy\u1ec1n thuy\u1ebft L\u1ea1c Long Qu\u00e2n-\u00c2u C\u01a1 d\u01b0\u1edbi g\u00f3c \u0111\u1ed9 khoa h\u1ecdc, s\u1ebd \t\tn\u1ea3y sinh m\u1ed9t c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi: kho\u1ea3ng 4600 n\u0103m tr\u01b0\u1edbc, tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi theo L\u1ea1c Long \t\tQu\u00e2n xu\u1ed1ng khai ph\u00e1 \u0111\u1ed3ng b\u1eb1ng, t\u1ed5 ti\u00ean ng\u01b0\u1eddi Vi\u1ec7t \u0111\u00e3 c\u01b0 tr\u00fa \u1edf \u0111\u00e2u ?
\n\u0110\u1ed3ng b\u1eb1ng th\u00ec v\u1eabn c\u00f2n ng\u1eadp trong n\u01b0\u1edbc m\u1eb7n, v\u00f9ng n\u00fai T\u00e2y v\u00e0 T\u00e2y B\u1eafc th\u00ec \t\tqu\u00e1 hi\u1ec3m tr\u1edf, m\u00e3i t\u1edbi th\u1eddi \u0111\u00e3 gi\u00e0nh l\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ed9c l\u1eadp l\u00e0 \u0110inh-L\u00fd-Tr\u1ea7n v\u1eabn c\u00f2n \t\t\u00edt ng\u01b0\u1eddi Kinh sinh s\u1ed1ng. Mi\u1ec1n n\u00fai Vi\u1ec7t B\u1eafc v\u00e0 \u0110\u00f4ng B\u1eafc th\u00ec kh\u1ea3 d\u0129 h\u01a1n, \t\tch\u00fang t\u00f4i ngh\u0129 l\u00e0 \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u b\u1ed9 l\u1ea1c Th\u00e1i-Kadai (T\u00e0y-N\u00f9ng) \u1edf v\u00f9ng n\u00e0y tham gia v\u00e0o qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh \t\tti\u1ebfn xu\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1ed3ng b\u1eb1ng, h\u1ee3p huy\u1ebft v\u1edbi ng\u01b0\u1eddi Vi\u1ec7t c\u1ed5.
\nNh\u01b0ng, d\u1ef1a v\u00e0o \u0111\u1ecba b\u00e0n c\u01b0 tr\u00fa c\u1ee7a d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c anh em g\u1ea7n g\u0169i v\u1edbi ng\u01b0\u1eddi Kinh \t\tl\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi M\u01b0\u1eddng hi\u1ec7n nay th\u00ec c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 tin ch\u1eafc l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi Kinh c\u1ed5 \u0111\u1ea1i \u0111\u00e3 c\u01b0 \t\ttr\u00fa t\u1eadp trung t\u1ea1i v\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ed3i n\u00fai H\u00f2a B\u00ecnh, Ninh B\u00ecnh v\u00e0 Thanh H\u00f3a, b\u00ean \t\tc\u1ea1nh ng\u01b0\u1eddi M\u01b0\u1eddng, khi m\u00e0 v\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng b\u1eb1ng B\u1eafc B\u1ed9 c\u00f2n ng\u1eadp ch\u00ecm trong \u201c\u0110\u1ea1i \t\th\u1ed3ng th\u1ee7y\u201d. V\u1edbi c\u00e1c v\u1ebft t\u00edch kh\u1ea3o c\u1ed5 r\u1ea5t t\u1eadp trung v\u00e0 phong ph\u00fa v\u1ec1 th\u1eddi \t\t\u0111\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ed3 \u0111\u00e1 \u1edf n\u00fai \u0110\u1ecd, \u0111\u1ed3 \u0111\u1ed3ng \u1edf \u0110\u00f4ng S\u01a1n, \u0111\u1ec1u n\u1eb1m trong t\u1ec9nh Thanh H\u00f3a, c\u1ed5 \t\th\u01a1n c\u1ea3 v\u00f9ng Phong Ch\u00e2u – kinh \u0111\u00f4 c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c vua H\u00f9ng, th\u00ec Thanh h\u00f3a x\u1ee9ng \t\t\u0111\u00e1ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1eeba nh\u1eadn l\u00e0 c\u00e1i n\u00f4i c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi Vi\u1ec7t c\u1ed5. An D\u01b0\u01a1ng V\u01b0\u01a1ng Th\u1ee5c \t\tPh\u00e1n, khi th\u1ebf c\u00f9ng \u0111\u00e3 ch\u1ea1y v\u1ec1 b\u1edd bi\u1ec3n Thanh H\u00f3a ch\u1ee9 kh\u00f4ng l\u00ean Phong Ch\u00e2u \t\t\u0111\u1ec3 \u1ea9n v\u00e0o v\u00f9ng n\u00fai T\u00e2y B\u1eafc. Ngay c\u1ea3 vua Tr\u1ea7n, d\u00f2ng h\u1ecd v\u1ed1n g\u1ed1c g\u00e1c \u1edf \t\tTrung Qu\u1ed1c, khi nguy nan v\u00ec gi\u1eb7c Nguy\u00ean c\u0169ng c\u00f2n th\u1ed1t n\u00ean \u201cHoan Di\u1ec5n do \t\tt\u1ed3n th\u1eadp v\u1ea1n binh\u201d, coi Thanh H\u00f3a-Ngh\u1ec7 An l\u00e0 c\u0103n c\u1ee9 cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh.
\nC\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u01b0\u1edbc \u0111o\u00e1n l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi Vi\u1ec7t c\u1ed5 \u0111\u00e3 ti\u1ebfn x\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1ed3ng b\u1eb1ng theo con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng \t\tt\u1eeb v\u00f9ng c\u0103n c\u1ee9 \u1edf Thanh H\u00f3a-Ninh B\u00ecnh ven theo ch\u00e2n n\u00fai qua H\u00f2a B\u00ecnh-S\u01a1n \t\tT\u00e2y xu\u1ed1ng t\u1eadp k\u1ebft \u1edf v\u00f9ng Phong Ch\u00e2u, Ph\u00fa Th\u1ecd r\u1ed3i t\u1eeb \u0111\u00f3 t\u1ecfa xu\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1ed3ng \t\tb\u1eb1ng, ch\u1ee9 kh\u00f4ng \u0111i th\u1eb3ng t\u1eeb Ninh B\u00ecnh ra \u0111\u1ed3ng b\u1eb1ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c v\u00ec l\u00fac \u0111\u00f3 ch\u1ed7 \t\tgi\u1eefa Ninh B\u00ecnh v\u00e0 Nam \u0110\u1ecbnh c\u00f2n l\u00e0 ph\u1ea7n c\u1eeda bi\u1ec3n c\u1ee7a s\u00f4ng H\u1ed3ng, s\u00e2u v\u00e0 \t\tr\u1ea5t r\u1ed9ng (tham kh\u1ea3o b\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ed3 \u0111\u1ecba h\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ed3ng b\u1eb1ng B\u1eafc b\u1ed9 \u1edf d\u01b0\u1edbi v\u00e0 t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u \t\t[1]), ngay c\u1ea3 H\u00e0 N\u1ed9i khi \u0111\u00f3 c\u00f3 l\u1ebd c\u0169ng c\u00f2n l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t v\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ea7m l\u1ea7y ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 \t\tv\u00e0i khu \u0111\u1ea5t cao nh\u01b0 N\u00fai N\u00f9ng m\u1edbi \u1edf \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c.<\/span><\/p>\n

H\u00ecnh 3: B\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ed3 \u0111\u1ecba h\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ed3ng b\u1eb1ng B\u1eafc b\u1ed9, l\u1ea5y t\u1eeb \t\tmaps.google.com
\n\"H\u00ecnh<\/span><\/p>\n

[1] DO\u00c3N \u0110\u00ccNH L\u00c2M, Vi\u1ec7n \u0110\u1ecba ch\u1ea5t, Vi\u1ec7n Khoa h\u1ecdc \t\tv\u00e0 C\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 Vi\u1ec7t Nam \u201cTI\u1ebeN HO\u00c1 TR\u1ea6M T\u00cdCH HOLOCEN CH\u00c2U TH\u1ed4 S\u00d4NG H\u1ed2NG\u201d, \t\txem t\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ecba ch\u1ec9 : \t\t http:\/\/www.idm.gov.vn\/nguon_luc\/Xuat_ba … 288\/a7.htm<\/a> , c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 tham \t\tkh\u1ea3o th\u00eam b\u00e0i c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t nh\u00f3m t\u00e1c gi\u1ea3 kh\u00e1c li\u00ean quan t\u1edbi v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 n\u00e0y nh\u01b0ng \u1edf \t\tmi\u1ec1n Nam Trung b\u1ed9 : \t\t http:\/\/www.idm.gov.vn\/Nguon_luc\/Xuat_ba … 92\/a10.htm<\/a>,
\n[2] Th\u1ebf Pleistocen hay th\u1ebf Canh T\u00e2n l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t th\u1ebf \u0111\u1ecba ch\u1ea5t k\u00e9o d\u00e0i t\u1eeb \t\tkho\u1ea3ng 1.806.000 t\u1edbi 11.550 n\u0103m tr\u01b0\u1edbc ng\u00e0y nay.
\n[3] Th\u1ebf Holocen (c\u00f2n g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 th\u1ebf To\u00e0n T\u00e2n) l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t th\u1ebf \u0111\u1ecba ch\u1ea5t b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u \t\tv\u00e0o kho\u1ea3ng 11.550 n\u0103m BP v\u00e0 ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c t\u1edbi ng\u00e0y nay.
\n[4] Ph\u1ea7n in nghi\u00eang trong ngo\u1eb7c l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi vi\u1ebft ghi ch\u00fa, d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean vi\u1ec7c \t\tchia kho\u1ea3ng th\u1eddi gian 11.550 n\u0103m c\u1ee7a th\u1ebf Holocen th\u00e0nh 3 \u0111o\u1ea1n \u0111\u1ec1u nhau: \t\t\u0111\u1ea7u, gi\u1eefa, cu\u1ed1i. Holocen gi\u1eefa s\u1ebd \u1edf trong kho\u1ea3ng (7700-3850BP).
\n[5] (nh\u01b0 ch\u00fa th\u00edch tr\u00ean)
\n[6] GS B\u00f9i Kh\u00e1nh Th\u1ebf ch\u1ee7 bi\u00ean, NXB KHXH 1995.
\n[7] \u0110\u1ea1i Vi\u1ec7t s\u1eed k\u00fd ti\u1ec1n bi\u00ean, Vi\u1ec7n Nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u H\u00e1n N\u00f4m d\u1ecbch thu\u1eadt, NXB \t\tKHXH, 1997. Nguy\u00ean b\u1ea3n ch\u1eef H\u00e1n c\u1ee7a t\u00e1c gi\u1ea3 Ng\u00f4 Th\u00ec S\u0129, do con \u00f4ng l\u00e0 Ng\u00f4 \t\tTh\u00ec Nh\u1eadm kh\u1eafc in trong 3 n\u0103m 1798-1800, ni\u00ean hi\u1ec7u C\u1ea3nh Th\u1ecbnh, th\u1eddi T\u00e2y \t\tS\u01a1n. Xem trang 40.
\n[8] S\u1ef1 chuy\u1ec3n giao c\u1ee7a th\u1eddi \u0111\u1ed3 \u0111\u00e1 qua \u0111\u1ed3 \u0111\u1ed3ng di\u1ec5n ra kho\u1ea3ng gi\u1eefa \t\t6000TCN v\u00e0 2500TCN \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi \u0111a s\u1ed1 d\u00e2n c\u01b0 s\u1ed1ng t\u1ea1i B\u1eafc Phi, Ch\u00e2u \u00c1 v\u00e0 Ch\u00e2u \t\t\u00c2u.
\n[9] \u0110\u1ea1i Vi\u1ec7t s\u1eed k\u00fd ti\u1ec1n bi\u00ean vi\u1ebft: \u201cN\u01b0\u1edbc l\u1ee5t th\u1eddi vua Nghi\u00eau ch\u01b0a r\u00fat, \t\tv\u1ea1c th\u1eddi vua V\u0169 ch\u01b0a \u0111\u00fac, m\u00eanh mang bi\u1ec3n qu\u1ebf…\u201d (trang 40)
\n[10]T\u1eeb \u0111i\u1ec3n Vi\u1ec7t H\u00e1n, GS \u0110inh Gia Kh\u00e1nh hi\u1ec7u \u0111\u00ednh, NXB Gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c t\u00e1i b\u1ea3n \t\t2003.
\n[11] Xem ch\u00fa th\u00edch (7).
\n[12] Cu\u1ed1n T\u1eeb \u0110i\u1ec3n Vi\u1ec7t H\u00e1n \u1edf tr\u00ean th\u00ec l\u1ea1i t\u00ednh n\u0103m H\u00f9ng V\u01b0\u01a1ng cu\u1ed1i l\u00e0 \t\t208 Tr.CN (?)
\n[13] B\u00e0i n\u00e0y vi\u1ebft xong th\u00e1ng 11\/2008.
\n[14] B\u1ea3n c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi vi\u1ebft d\u00f9ng l\u00e0 b\u1ea3n N\u00f4m T\u1ef1 \u0110\u1ee9c tam th\u1eadp t\u1ee9 ni\u00ean (1871) , \t\tCh\u00ednh Trung \u0110\u01b0\u1eddng t\u00e0ng b\u1ea3n.<\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

\u0110\u00e3 \u0111\u0103ng t\u1ea1p ch\u00ed Nghi\u00ean C\u1ee9u v\u00e0 Ph\u00e1t Tri\u1ec3n, No. 5(82)\/2010 \u0110I T\u00ccM L\u00dd GI\u1ea2I KHOA H\u1eccC V\u1ec0 CON S\u1ed0 H\u01a0N B\u1ed0N NG\u00c0N N\u0102M L\u1ecaCH S\u1eec VN T\u00f3m l\u01b0\u1ee3c: B\u00e0i n\u00e0y \u0111i t\u1eeb c\u00e1c c\u1ee9 li\u1ec7u l\u1ecbch s\u1eed c\u1ed5 \u0111\u1ecba ch\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a v\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng b\u1eb1ng B\u1eafc b\u1ed9, v\u00e0 suy lu\u1eadn v\u1edbi t\u01b0 duy khoa h\u1ecdc […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[6],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-9","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-lch-s-vn"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/dongson.info\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/9","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/dongson.info\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/dongson.info\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/dongson.info\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/dongson.info\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=9"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/dongson.info\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/9\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/dongson.info\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=9"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/dongson.info\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=9"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/dongson.info\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=9"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}